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一种基于接收信号强度指示（RSSI）的仅免校准实时室内定位的改进方法，适用于IEEE 802.11和802.15.4无线网络

An Improved Approach for RSSI-Based only Calibration-Free Real-Time Indoor Localization on IEEE 802.11 and 802.15.4 Wireless Networks.

作者信息

Passafiume Marco, Maddio Stefano, Cidronali Alessandro

机构信息

Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy.

出版信息

Sensors (Basel). 2017 Mar 29;17(4):717. doi: 10.3390/s17040717.

DOI:10.3390/s17040717
PMID:28353676
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5421677/
Abstract

Assuming a reliable and responsive spatial contextualization service is a must-have in IEEE 802.11 and 802.15.4 wireless networks, a suitable approach consists of the implementation of localization capabilities, as an additional application layer to the communication protocol stack. Considering the applicative scenario where satellite-based positioning applications are denied, such as indoor environments, and excluding data packet arrivals time measurements due to lack of time resolution, received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurements, obtained according to IEEE 802.11 and 802.15.4 data access technologies, are the unique data sources suitable for indoor geo-referencing using COTS devices. In the existing literature, many RSSI based localization systems are introduced and experimentally validated, nevertheless they require periodic calibrations and significant information fusion from different sensors that dramatically decrease overall systems reliability and their effective availability. This motivates the work presented in this paper, which introduces an approach for an RSSI-based calibration-free and real-time indoor localization. While switched-beam array-based hardware (compliant with IEEE 802.15.4 router functionality) has already been presented by the author, the focus of this paper is the creation of an algorithmic layer for use with the pre-existing hardware capable to enable full localization and data contextualization over a standard 802.15.4 wireless sensor network using only RSSI information without the need of lengthy offline calibration phase. System validation reports the localization results in a typical indoor site, where the system has shown high accuracy, leading to a sub-metrical overall mean error and an almost 100% site coverage within 1 m localization error.

摘要

假设可靠且响应迅速的空间情境化服务是IEEE 802.11和802.15.4无线网络中的必备功能，一种合适的方法是实现定位功能，作为通信协议栈的附加应用层。考虑到基于卫星的定位应用被禁止的应用场景，如室内环境，并且由于缺乏时间分辨率而排除数据包到达时间测量，根据IEEE 802.11和802.15.4数据访问技术获得的接收信号强度指示符（RSSI）测量是适用于使用商用现货设备进行室内地理定位的唯一数据源。在现有文献中，介绍了许多基于RSSI的定位系统并进行了实验验证，然而它们需要定期校准以及来自不同传感器的大量信息融合，这会显著降低整个系统的可靠性及其有效可用性。这激发了本文所提出的工作，该工作介绍了一种基于RSSI的免校准实时室内定位方法。虽然作者已经展示了基于切换波束阵列的硬件（符合IEEE 802.15.4路由器功能），但本文的重点是创建一个算法层，用于与现有的硬件配合使用，该硬件能够在标准的802.15.4无线传感器网络上仅使用RSSI信息实现完全定位和数据情境化，而无需冗长的离线校准阶段。系统验证报告了在典型室内场所的定位结果，该系统在该场所显示出高精度，导致亚米级的总体平均误差以及在1米定位误差内几乎100%的场所覆盖率。

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