Tkachenko Kirill, Kosareva Irina, Frontasyeva Marina
Komarov Botanical Institute of RAS (BIN), 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
The N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), 190000 Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
Plants (Basel). 2021 May 19;10(5):1009. doi: 10.3390/plants10051009.
Manganese, as one of the xenobionts, belongs to the group of heavy metals, which, in high concentrations, can negatively affect the development of plants. In small concentrations, it is necessary for plants for normal growth and development. It is present in soils and is available to plants to varying degrees. In acidic soils, it often acts as a toxic element, and plants do not develop well and can even die. Screening major crops for manganese tolerance is essential. Based on the analysis of the collection of barley ( L., Poaceae), the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) presented data that manganese-tolerant varieties and samples are concentrated in western and northern countries with a wide distribution of soils with low pH levels and high contents of mobile manganese. It follows from the diagnostic results that the maximum number of barley genotypes resistant to manganese is concentrated in Sweden, Finland, the northwestern and northern regions of the CIS countries, and the Russian Federation. In most cases, the samples tolerant to Al showed resistance to Mn as well, which is of great interest for further study of the mechanisms of plant resistance to these stressors. As a rule, samples from the northern territories-zones of distribution of acidic soils-were highly resistant. In this case, the role of the species belonging to the sample was leveled out. The highlighted areas (Scandinavia (Finland, Sweden), northern and northwestern regions of Russia, Belarus, and the Baltic countries) are sources of germplasm valuable for selection for acid resistance of barley.
锰作为一种外源性生物，属于重金属类别，高浓度时会对植物发育产生负面影响。低浓度时，它对植物的正常生长和发育是必需的。锰存在于土壤中，植物对其吸收程度各异。在酸性土壤中，锰常作为有毒元素，植物生长不良甚至可能死亡。筛选对锰具有耐受性的主要作物至关重要。基于对大麦（禾本科）种质资源的分析，全俄植物遗传资源研究所（VIR）提供的数据表明，耐锰品种和样本集中在土壤pH值低且有效锰含量高的分布广泛的西部和北部国家。诊断结果显示，对锰具有抗性的大麦基因型数量最多的集中在瑞典、芬兰、独联体国家的西北和北部地区以及俄罗斯联邦。在大多数情况下，耐铝的样本对锰也具有抗性，这对于进一步研究植物对这些胁迫因子的抗性机制具有重要意义。通常，来自北部地区——酸性土壤分布区的样本具有高度抗性。在这种情况下，样本所属物种的作用被淡化。突出显示的区域（斯堪的纳维亚（芬兰、瑞典）、俄罗斯的北部和西北部地区、白俄罗斯以及波罗的海国家）是对大麦耐酸性选择具有宝贵价值的种质资源来源。
