Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, CEDEX, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
Pediatric Endocrinology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debre, France & Université de Paris, 75019 Paris, France.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 May 18;22(10):5275. doi: 10.3390/ijms22105275.
Sexual dimorphism involves differences between biological sexes that go beyond sexual characteristics. In mammals, differences between sexes have been demonstrated regarding various biological processes, including blood pressure and predisposition to develop hypertension early in adulthood, which may rely on early events during development and in the neonatal period. Recent studies suggest that corticosteroid signaling pathways (comprising glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid signaling pathways) have distinct tissue-specific expression and regulation during this specific temporal window in a sex-dependent manner, most notably in the kidney. This review outlines the evidence for a gender differential expression and activation of renal corticosteroid signaling pathways in the mammalian fetus and neonate, from mouse to human, that may favor mineralocorticoid signaling in females and glucocorticoid signaling in males. Determining the effects of such differences may shed light on short term and long term pathophysiological consequences, markedly for males.
性二态性涉及超出性特征的生物学性别差异。在哺乳动物中，已经证明性别之间在各种生物学过程中存在差异，包括血压和成年早期易患高血压的倾向，这可能依赖于发育和新生儿期的早期事件。最近的研究表明，皮质类固醇信号通路（包括糖皮质激素和盐皮质激素信号通路）在特定的时间窗口内以性别依赖的方式具有独特的组织特异性表达和调节，在肾脏中最为明显。本综述概述了从老鼠到人类的哺乳动物胎儿和新生儿中肾脏皮质类固醇信号通路的性别差异表达和激活的证据，这可能有利于女性的盐皮质激素信号和男性的糖皮质激素信号。确定这些差异的影响可能有助于阐明短期和长期的病理生理后果，特别是对男性。
