Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
Department of Philosophy and Communication Studies, University of Bologna, 40122 Bologna, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 May 18;18(10):5384. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18105384.
To program proper reactions, athletes must anticipate opponents' actions on the basis of previous visuomotor experience. In particular, such abilities seem to rely on processing others' intentions to act. We adopted a new approach based on an attentional spatial compatibility paradigm to investigate how elite volleyball players elaborate both spatial and motor information at upper-limb posture presentation. Forty-two participants (18 volleyball players and 17 nonathlete controls assigned to Experiments 1 a and b, and eight basketball players assigned to Experiment 2) were tested to study their ability to process the intentions to act conveyed by hands and extract motor primitives (i.e., significant components of body movements). Analysis looked for a spatial compatibility effect between direction of the spike action (correspondence factor) and response side for both palm and back of the hand (view factor). We demonstrated that volleyball players encoded spatial sport-related indices from bodily information and showed preparatory motor activation according to the direction of the implied spike actions for the palm view (Experiment 1; hand simulating a cross-court spike, = 0.013, and a down-the-line spike, = 0.026) but both nonathlete controls (Experiment 1; both < 0.05) and other sports athletes (basketball players, Experiment 2; = 0.34, only cross-court spike) did not. Results confirm that elite players' supremacy lies in the predictive abilities of coding elementary motor primitives for their sport discipline.
为了实现适当的反应，运动员必须根据之前的视动经验预测对手的动作。特别是，这些能力似乎依赖于处理他人的行为意图。我们采用了一种新的基于注意空间兼容性范式的方法，来研究精英排球运动员在上肢姿势呈现时如何详细处理空间和运动信息。42 名参与者（18 名排球运动员和 17 名非运动员对照组，分别分配到实验 1a 和 1b，以及 8 名篮球运动员分配到实验 2）被测试，以研究他们处理手传达的行为意图和提取运动基元（即身体运动的重要组成部分）的能力。分析寻找了刺球动作方向（对应因素）与手掌和手背（视图因素）反应侧之间的空间兼容性效应。我们证明排球运动员从身体信息中编码了与运动相关的空间指数，并根据手掌视图中暗示的刺球动作方向显示出预备性的运动激活（实验 1；手模拟斜线刺球， = 0.013，和直线刺球， = 0.026），而非运动员对照组（实验 1；两者均<0.05）和其他运动运动员（篮球运动员，实验 2；仅斜线刺球， = 0.34）则没有。结果证实，精英运动员的优势在于对其运动学科进行基本运动基元编码的预测能力。
