Li Xizhe, Wang Danlei, Gao Siyu, Zhou Chenglin
School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
Brain Sci. 2024 Jun 27;14(7):647. doi: 10.3390/brainsci14070647.
In this study, we investigated the cognitive mechanisms underlying action anticipation in volleyball players, especially concerned with the differences between experts and amateurs. Participants included both expert (male, = 26) and amateur (male, = 23) volleyball players, who were asked to predict spiking movements containing high, medium, and low levels of kinematic information while their electrophysiological activities were recorded. The high-information stimuli included the whole spiking action, the medium-information stimuli ended at 120 ms, and the low-information stimuli ended at 160 ms before hand-ball contact. The results showed that experts significantly outperformed amateurs in both prediction accuracy (68% in experts vs. 55% in amateurs) and reaction time (475.09 ms in experts vs. 725.81 ms in amateurs) under the medium-information condition. Analysis of alpha rhythm activity revealed that experts exhibited the strongest desynchronization under the low-information condition, suggesting increased attentional engagement. In contrast, amateurs showed the weakest desynchronization under the medium-information condition. Furthermore, mu rhythm activity analysis showed greater desynchronization in the duration of 100-300 ms before hand-ball contact for experts, correlating with their higher anticipation accuracy. These findings highlight the significant kinematic information-processing abilities of volleyball experts and elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying efficient attentional engagement and mirroring. Therefore, this study provides valuable insights for the development of targeted training programs through which to enhance athletic performance.
在本研究中，我们调查了排球运动员动作预期背后的认知机制，尤其关注专家与业余选手之间的差异。参与者包括专家级（男性，n = 26）和业余级（男性，n = 23）排球运动员，他们被要求在记录其电生理活动的同时，预测包含高、中、低水平运动学信息的扣球动作。高信息刺激包括整个扣球动作，中信息刺激在击球前120毫秒结束，低信息刺激在击球前160毫秒结束。结果显示，在中信息条件下，专家在预测准确性（专家为68%，业余选手为55%）和反应时间（专家为475.09毫秒，业余选手为725.81毫秒）方面均显著优于业余选手。对阿尔法节律活动的分析表明，专家在低信息条件下表现出最强的去同步化，表明注意力参与度增加。相比之下，业余选手在中信息条件下表现出最弱的去同步化。此外，对缪节律活动的分析显示，专家在击球前100 - 300毫秒的持续时间内去同步化程度更高，这与其更高的预期准确性相关。这些发现突出了排球专家显著的运动学信息处理能力，并阐明了有效注意力参与和镜像背后的神经机制。因此，本研究为制定有针对性的训练计划以提高运动表现提供了有价值的见解。
