Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 May 18;22(10):5317. doi: 10.3390/ijms22105317.
T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a biologically and genetically heterogeneous disease with a poor prognosis overall and several subtypes. The neoplastic transformation takes place through the accumulation of numerous genetic and epigenetic abnormalities. There are only a few prognostic factors in comparison to B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia, which is characterized by a lower variability and more homogeneous course. The microarray and next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies exploring the coding and non-coding part of the genome allow us to reveal the complexity of the genomic and transcriptomic background of T-ALL. miRNAs are a class of non-coding RNAs that are involved in the regulation of cellular functions: cell proliferations, apoptosis, migrations, and many other processes. No miRNA has become a significant prognostic and diagnostic factor in T-ALL to date; therefore, this topic of investigation is extremely important, and T-ALL is the subject of intensive research among scientists. The altered expression of many genes in T-ALL might also be caused by wide miRNA dysregulation. The following review focuses on summarizing and characterizing the microRNAs of pediatric patients with T-ALL diagnosis and their potential future use as predictive factors.
T 细胞急性淋巴细胞白血病（T-ALL）是一种生物学和遗传学上具有异质性的疾病，总体预后较差，有几个亚型。肿瘤的转化是通过积累大量的遗传和表观遗传异常发生的。与 B 细胞前体急性淋巴细胞白血病相比，T-ALL 的预后因素较少，后者的变异性较低，病程更具同质性。探索基因组和转录组背景的微阵列和下一代测序（NGS）技术可以揭示 T-ALL 的基因组和转录组背景的复杂性。miRNAs 是一类非编码 RNA，参与细胞功能的调节：细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移和许多其他过程。迄今为止，还没有 miRNA 成为 T-ALL 的重要预后和诊断因素；因此，这个研究课题非常重要，T-ALL 是科学家们深入研究的主题。T-ALL 中许多基因的表达改变也可能是由广泛的 miRNA 失调引起的。以下综述重点总结和描述了儿科 T-ALL 患者的 microRNAs 及其作为预测因子的潜在未来用途。
