Prajapati Sushant, Hinchliffe Taylor, Roy Vinay, Shah Nimit, Jones Caroline N, Obaid Girgis
Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas, Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
Pharmaceutics. 2021 May 25;13(6):786. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060786.
The emergence of biomimetic nanotechnology has seen an exponential rise over the past decade with applications in regenerative medicine, immunotherapy and drug delivery. In the context of nanomedicines activated by near infrared (NIR) photodynamic processes (photonanomedicines; PNMs), biomimetic nanotechnology is pushing the boundaries of activatable tumor targeted nanoscale drug delivery systems. This review discusses how, by harnessing a unique collective of biological processes critical to targeting of solid tumors, biomimetic PNMs (bPNMs) can impart tumor cell specific and tumor selective photodynamic therapy-based combination regimens. Through molecular immune evasion and self-recognition, bPNMs can confer both tumor selectivity (preferential bulk tumor accumulation) and tumor specificity (discrete molecular affinity for cancer cells), respectively. They do so in a manner that is akin, yet arguably superior, to synthetic molecular-targeted PNMs. A particular emphasis is made on how bPNMs can be engineered to circumvent tumor cell heterogeneity, which is considered the Achilles' heel of molecular targeted therapeutics. Forward-looking propositions are also presented on how patient tumor heterogeneity can ultimately be recapitulated to fabricate patient-specific, heterogeneity-targeting bPNMs.
在过去十年中，仿生纳米技术呈指数级增长，在再生医学、免疫疗法和药物递送等领域得到应用。在近红外（NIR）光动力过程激活的纳米药物（光子纳米药物；PNM）背景下，仿生纳米技术正在推动可激活肿瘤靶向纳米级药物递送系统的边界。本文综述了通过利用对实体瘤靶向至关重要的独特生物过程集合，仿生PNM（bPNM）如何能够赋予基于肿瘤细胞特异性和肿瘤选择性光动力疗法的联合治疗方案。通过分子免疫逃逸和自我识别，bPNM可以分别赋予肿瘤选择性（优先在大块肿瘤中积累）和肿瘤特异性（对癌细胞的离散分子亲和力）。它们以一种类似于但可以说是优于合成分子靶向PNM的方式做到这一点。特别强调了如何设计bPNM来规避肿瘤细胞异质性，这被认为是分子靶向治疗的致命弱点。还提出了关于如何最终概括患者肿瘤异质性以制造针对患者特异性、异质性靶向的bPNM的前瞻性主张。
