Conejo-Saucedo Ulises, Ledezma-Villanueva Alejandro, Ángeles de Paz Gabriela, Herrero-Cervera Mario, Calvo Concepción, Aranda Elisabet
Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Ramón y Cajal, 4, Fray Luis Bldg, 18071 Granada, Spain.
Department of Microbiology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
Toxics. 2021 May 23;9(6):115. doi: 10.3390/toxics9060115.
One of the most challenging environmental threats of the last two decades is the effects of emerging pollutants (EPs) such as pharmaceutical compounds or industrial additives. Diclofenac and bisphenol A have regularly been found in wastewater treatment plants, and in soils and water bodies because of their extensive usage and their recalcitrant nature. Due to the fact of this adversity, fungal communities play an important role in being able to safely degrade EPs. In this work, we obtained a sewage sludge sample to study both the culturable and non-culturable microorganisms through DNA extraction and massive sequencing using Illumina MiSeq techniques, with the goal of finding degraders adapted to polluted environments. Afterward, degradation experiments on diclofenac and bisphenol A were performed with the best fungal degraders. The analysis of bacterial diversity showed that Dethiosulfovibrionaceae, Comamonadaceae, and Isosphaeraceae were the most abundant families. A predominance of Ascomycota fungi in the culturable and non-culturable population was also detected. Species such as , , , and had remarkable degradation rates, up to 80% of diclofenac and bisphenol A was fully degraded. These results highlight the importance of characterizing autochthonous microorganisms and the possibility of selecting native fungal microorganisms to develop tailored biotransformation technologies for EPs.
过去二十年来最具挑战性的环境威胁之一是药物化合物或工业添加剂等新兴污染物（EPs）的影响。由于双氯芬酸和双酚A的广泛使用及其难降解的特性，它们经常在污水处理厂、土壤和水体中被发现。鉴于这种不利情况，真菌群落在安全降解新兴污染物方面发挥着重要作用。在这项工作中，我们获取了一份污水污泥样本，通过DNA提取和使用Illumina MiSeq技术的大规模测序来研究可培养和不可培养的微生物，目的是找到适应污染环境的降解菌。之后，用最佳的真菌降解菌对双氯芬酸和双酚A进行了降解实验。细菌多样性分析表明，脱硫弧菌科、丛毛单胞菌科和等球藻科是最丰富的科。在可培养和不可培养群体中也检测到子囊菌门真菌占优势。诸如[此处原文缺失具体物种名称]等物种具有显著的降解率，双氯芬酸和双酚A高达80%被完全降解。这些结果突出了表征本地微生物的重要性以及选择本地真菌微生物来开发针对新兴污染物的定制生物转化技术的可能性。
