Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Viruses. 2021 May 27;13(6):999. doi: 10.3390/v13060999.
Historically, knowledge of human host-enteric pathogen interactions has been elucidated from studies using cancer cells, animal models, clinical data, and occasionally, controlled human infection models. Although much has been learned from these studies, an understanding of the complex interactions between human viruses and the human intestinal epithelium was initially limited by the lack of nontransformed culture systems, which recapitulate the relevant heterogenous cell types that comprise the intestinal villus epithelium. New investigations using multicellular, physiologically active, organotypic cultures produced from intestinal stem cells isolated from biopsies or surgical specimens provide an exciting new avenue for understanding human specific pathogens and revealing previously unknown host-microbe interactions that affect replication and outcomes of human infections. Here, we summarize recent biologic discoveries using human intestinal organoids and human enteric viral pathogens.
从使用癌细胞、动物模型、临床数据的研究，偶尔还有受控的人体感染模型中，人们逐渐了解了人体宿主-肠道病原体的相互作用。尽管从这些研究中学到了很多，但由于缺乏可再现肠道绒毛上皮相关异质细胞类型的非转化培养系统，人们最初对人类病毒与人类肠道上皮之间的复杂相互作用的理解受到了限制。新的研究使用从活检或手术标本中分离的肠干细胞制成的多细胞、生理活性、器官型培养物，为理解人类特定病原体并揭示以前未知的影响人类感染复制和结果的宿主-微生物相互作用提供了令人兴奋的新途径。在这里，我们总结了使用人类肠道类器官和人类肠道病毒病原体的最新生物学发现。
