Trubacheeva Nataliya V, Divashuk Mikhail G, Chernook Anastasiya G, Belan Igor A, Rosseeva Ludmila P, Pershina Lidiya A
Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, Lavrentiev av., 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
Kurchatov Genomics Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Lavrentiev av., 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
Plants (Basel). 2021 May 31;10(6):1120. doi: 10.3390/plants10061120.
The genetic mechanisms of fertility restoration in alloplasmic bread wheat with the barley cytoplasm are poorly explored. The effect of the 1BS chromosome arm on the fertility of bread wheat with the cytoplasm was studied depending on the incompleteness/completeness of the cytonuclear compatibility. (i) Three self-fertile (SF) lines and one partially fertile (PF) line with an incomplete cytonuclear compatibility and (ii) four self-fertile (SF) lines with a complete cytonuclear compatibility were studied. For the lines in group (i), the heteroplasmy (simultaneous presence of barley and wheat copies) of the 18S/5S mitochondrial (mt) repeat was revealed as well as the barley-type homoplasmy of chloroplast simple sequence repeats (cpSSRs). In the lines in group (ii), the 18S/5S mt repeat and cpSSRs were found in the wheat-type homoplasmic state. In all of the lines, the 1BS chromosome arm was substituted for the 1RS arm. The F plants of SF(i)-1BS × 1RS hybrids were fertile. The results of a segregation analysis in the F plants of SF(i)-1BS × 1RS showed that 1BS carries a single dominant fertility restorer gene () of bread wheat with the cytoplasm. All of the F plants of PF(i)-1BS × 1RS hybrids were sterile. A single dose of this restorer gene is not sufficient to restore fertility in this alloplasmic PF(i) line. All of the F and F plants of SF(ii)-1BS × 1RS hybrids were self-fertile.
具有大麦细胞质的异质面包小麦育性恢复的遗传机制尚未得到充分研究。根据细胞核质相容性的不完全/完全程度，研究了1BS染色体臂对具有该细胞质的面包小麦育性的影响。（i）研究了三个细胞核质相容性不完全的自交可育（SF）系和一个部分可育（PF）系，以及（ii）四个细胞核质相容性完全的自交可育（SF）系。对于（i）组中的系，揭示了18S/5S线粒体（mt）重复序列的异质性（同时存在大麦和小麦拷贝）以及叶绿体简单序列重复（cpSSRs）的大麦型同质性。在（ii）组中的系中，18S/5S mt重复序列和cpSSRs处于小麦型同质性状态。在所有系中，1BS染色体臂替代了1RS臂。SF（i）-1BS×1RS杂种的F植株可育。对SF（i）-1BS×1RS杂种F植株的分离分析结果表明，1BS携带一个控制具有该细胞质的面包小麦育性的显性恢复基因（）。PF（i）-1BS×1RS杂种的所有F植株不育。单剂量的这种恢复基因不足以恢复该异质PF（i）系的育性。SF（ii）-1BS×1RS杂种的所有F和F植株都是自交可育的。
