Mohamad-Zainal Noor Shaidatul Lyana, Ramli Norhayati, Zolkefli Nurhasliza, Mustapha Nurul Asyifah, Hassan Mohd Ali, Maeda Toshinari
Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
J Biosci Bioeng. 2021 Aug;132(2):174-182. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.04.014. Epub 2021 May 29.
Alcaligenaceae and Chromatiaceae were previously reported as the specific pollution bioindicators in the receiving river water contaminated by palm oil mill effluent (POME) final discharge. Considering the inevitable sensitivity of bacteria under environmental stresses, it is crucial to assess the survivability of both bacteria in the fluctuated environmental factors, proving their credibility as POME pollution bioindicators in the environment. In this study, the survivability of Alcaligenaceae and Chromatiaceae from facultative pond, algae (aerobic) pond and final discharge were evaluated under varying sets of temperature (25-40°C), pH (pH 7-9) and low/high total suspended solid (TSS) contents of POME collected during low/high crop seasons of oil palm, respectively. Following treatment, the viability status and compositions of the bacterial community were assessed using flow cytometry-based assay and high-throughput Illumina MiSeq, respectively, in correlation with the changes of physicochemical properties. The changes in temperature, pH and TSS indeed changed the physicochemical properties of POME. The functionality of bacterial cells was also shifted where the viable cells and high nucleic acid contents reduced at elevated levels of temperature and pH but increased at high TSS content. Interestingly, the Alcaligenaceae and Chromatiaceae continuously detected in the samples which accounted for more than 0.5% of relative abundance, with a positive correlation with biological oxygen demand (BOD) concentration. Therefore, either Alcaligenaceae or Chromatiaceae or both could be regarded as the reliable and specific bacterial indicators to indicate the pollution in river water due to POME final discharge despite the fluctuations in temperature, pH and TSS.
以前有报道称，产碱菌科和着色菌科是接收受棕榈油厂废水（POME）最终排放污染的河水的特定污染生物指示物。考虑到细菌在环境压力下不可避免的敏感性，评估这两种细菌在波动的环境因素中的生存能力至关重要，这能证明它们作为环境中POME污染生物指示物的可信度。在本研究中，分别在油棕低/高作物季节收集的POME的不同温度（25-40°C）、pH（pH 7-9）以及低/高总悬浮固体（TSS）含量条件下，评估了来自兼性塘、藻类（好氧）塘和最终排放口的产碱菌科和着色菌科的生存能力。处理后，分别使用基于流式细胞术的检测方法和高通量Illumina MiSeq评估细菌群落的活力状态和组成，并与理化性质的变化相关联。温度、pH和TSS的变化确实改变了POME的理化性质。细菌细胞的功能也发生了变化，在温度和pH升高时，活细胞和高核酸含量减少，但在高TSS含量时增加。有趣的是，在样本中持续检测到产碱菌科和着色菌科，其相对丰度超过0.5%，与生化需氧量（BOD）浓度呈正相关。因此，尽管温度、pH和TSS存在波动，但产碱菌科或着色菌科或两者都可被视为可靠且特定的细菌指标，以指示由于POME最终排放导致的河水污染。
