Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
J Appl Microbiol. 2023 Oct 4;134(10). doi: 10.1093/jambio/lxad219.
This study aimed to investigate the effect of palm oil mill effluent (POME) final discharge on the active bacterial composition, gene expression, and metabolite profiles in the receiving rivers to establish a foundation for identifying potential biomarkers for monitoring POME pollution in rivers.
The POME final discharge, upstream (unpolluted by POME), and downstream (effluent receiving point) parts of the rivers from two sites were physicochemically characterized. The taxonomic and gene profiles were then evaluated using de novo metatranscriptomics, while the metabolites were detected using qualitative metabolomics. A similar bacterial community structure in the POME final discharge samples from both sites was recorded, but their composition varied. Redundancy analysis showed that several families, particularly Comamonadaceae and Burkholderiaceae [Pr(>F) = 0.028], were positively correlated with biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The results also showed significant enrichment of genes regulating various metabolisms in the POME-receiving rivers, with methane, carbon fixation pathway, and amino acids among the predominant metabolisms identified (FDR < 0.05, PostFC > 4, and PPDE > 0.95). This was further validated through qualitative metabolomics, whereby amino acids were detected as the predominant metabolites.
The results suggest that genes regulating amino acid metabolism have significant potential for developing effective biomonitoring and bioremediation strategies in river water influenced by POME final discharge, fostering a sustainable palm oil industry.
本研究旨在调查棕榈油厂废水（POME）最终排放对河流中活性细菌组成、基因表达和代谢物谱的影响，为识别河流中监测 POME 污染的潜在生物标志物奠定基础。
对来自两个地点的河流的 POME 最终排放、上游（未受 POME 污染）和下游（废水接收点）部分进行了理化特征描述。然后使用从头转录组学评估分类和基因谱，并用定性代谢组学检测代谢物。记录到来自两个地点的 POME 最终排放样品中相似的细菌群落结构，但它们的组成不同。冗余分析表明，有几个科，特别是 Comamonadaceae 和 Burkholderiaceae [Pr(>F) = 0.028]，与生化需氧量（BOD5）和化学需氧量（COD）呈正相关。结果还表明，在受 POME 影响的河流中，调节各种代谢的基因显著富集，其中甲烷、碳固定途径和氨基酸是主要鉴定的代谢物（FDR < 0.05，PostFC > 4，PPDE > 0.95）。通过定性代谢组学进一步验证，检测到氨基酸是主要代谢物。
结果表明，调节氨基酸代谢的基因在开发受 POME 最终排放影响的河水中进行有效生物监测和生物修复策略方面具有重要潜力，为可持续的棕榈油产业奠定了基础。
