Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Immunol Rev. 2021 Jul;302(1):10-31. doi: 10.1111/imr.12984. Epub 2021 Jun 1.
Perivascular niches are specialized microenvironments where stromal and immune cells interact with vasculature to monitor tissue status. Adventitial perivascular niches surround larger blood vessels and other boundary sites, supporting collections of immune cells, stromal cells, lymphatics, and neurons. Adventitial fibroblasts (AFs), a subtype of mesenchymal stromal cell, are the dominant constituents in adventitial spaces, regulating vascular integrity while organizing the accumulation and activation of a variety of interacting immune cells. In contrast, pericytes are stromal mural cells that support microvascular capillaries and surround organ-specific parenchymal cells. Here, we outline the unique immune and non-immune composition of perivascular tissue immune niches, with an emphasis on the heterogeneity and immunoregulatory functions of AFs and pericytes across diverse organs. We will discuss how perivascular stromal cells contribute to the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses and integrate immunological signals to impact tissue health and disease.
血管周龛是特殊的微环境，其中基质和免疫细胞与脉管系统相互作用以监测组织状态。外膜血管周龛围绕较大的血管和其他边界部位，支持免疫细胞、基质细胞、淋巴管和神经元的集合。外膜成纤维细胞（AFs）是间充质基质细胞的一个亚型，是外膜空间的主要成分，在调节血管完整性的同时，组织各种相互作用的免疫细胞的积累和激活。相比之下，周细胞是支持微血管毛细血管并围绕器官特异性实质细胞的基质壁细胞。在这里，我们概述了血管周组织免疫龛的独特免疫和非免疫组成，重点介绍了 AFs 和周细胞在不同器官中的异质性和免疫调节功能。我们将讨论血管周基质细胞如何有助于调节先天和适应性免疫反应，并整合免疫信号以影响组织健康和疾病。
