Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2021 Sep;22(9):608-624. doi: 10.1038/s41580-021-00373-7. Epub 2021 Jun 2.
Liver regeneration is a complex process involving the crosstalk of multiple cell types, including hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, endothelial cells and inflammatory cells. The healthy liver is mitotically quiescent, but following toxic damage or resection the cells can rapidly enter the cell cycle to restore liver mass and function. During this process of regeneration, epithelial and non-parenchymal cells respond in a tightly coordinated fashion. Recent studies have described the interaction between inflammatory cells and a number of other cell types in the liver. In particular, macrophages can support biliary regeneration, contribute to fibrosis remodelling by repressing hepatic stellate cell activation and improve liver regeneration by scavenging dead or dying cells in situ. In this Review, we describe the mechanisms of tissue repair following damage, highlighting the close relationship between inflammation and liver regeneration, and discuss how recent findings can help design novel therapeutic approaches.
肝脏再生是一个涉及多种细胞类型相互作用的复杂过程，包括肝细胞、肝星状细胞、内皮细胞和炎症细胞。健康的肝脏处于有丝分裂静止状态，但在受到毒性损伤或切除后，细胞可以迅速进入细胞周期，以恢复肝质量和功能。在这个再生过程中，上皮细胞和非实质细胞以一种紧密协调的方式作出反应。最近的研究描述了炎症细胞与肝脏中许多其他细胞类型之间的相互作用。特别是巨噬细胞可以支持胆管再生，通过抑制肝星状细胞的激活来促进纤维化重塑，并通过原位清除死亡或垂死的细胞来改善肝脏再生。在这篇综述中，我们描述了损伤后的组织修复机制，强调了炎症与肝脏再生之间的密切关系，并讨论了最近的发现如何帮助设计新的治疗方法。
