Liver regeneration is a complex process involving multiple cells, in which immunomodulation plays an important role in the process. However, there is lack of a comprehensive and objective summary of the current state of research and trends in the field. We retrieved articles on liver regeneration and immunomodulation published from 2004/01/01 to 2024/09/26, from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Authors, institutions, countries, journals and references were analyzed using bibliometric methods via CiteSpace and VOSviewer. A total of 4,992 articles were searched involving 102 countries or regions, 4,027 institutions and 26,830 authors. China is the country with the most articles in this field, and the United States ranks first in terms of citation/publication ratio (56.41). c-Met, liver regeneration, mesenchymal stem cells, extracellular matrix and angiogenesis are current research hotspots. While liver regeneration, targeted therapy, acute liver failure, hepatocellular carcinoma and mesenchymal stem cells are the themes and trends in this field. The study summarizes the research results in the field of immunomodulation and liver regeneration, and comprehensively analyses the research hotspots and trends, and provides an important basis for future applications and advances in the field.