Alzahrani Khaled, Al-Rashah Ali, Al-Salem Salem, Al-Murdif Yahya, Al-Rashah Abdalaziz, Alrashah Alhassan, Al-Faify Noura, Ibrahim Mohammed
Optometry Division, Ophthalmology Department, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Ophthalmology Department, King Khaled General Hospital, Najran, Saudi Arabia.
Clin Optom (Auckl). 2021 May 27;13:175-179. doi: 10.2147/OPTO.S309651. eCollection 2021.
Our study aims to produce an estimation of the keratoconus disease epidemiology and important demographic factors in disease presentation in Najran city in the south of Saudi Arabia.
Keratoconus patients between 9 and 29 years of age at the eye clinic of King Khaled General Hospital in Najran Province with a confirmed diagnosis of keratoconus were recruited over one year period. Visual acuity, keratometry, corneal thickness and demographic data were collected and analysed.
The keratoconus prevalence in Najran Province was found to be 87.3 cases per 100,000 people with an incidence of 28.47 per 100,000 cases. The disease presented more frequently in male patients (67.9%) with a statistically significant difference in the mean age between genders (p=0.014). Most cases presented at a moderate stage, and almost half of the cases reported a family history of the disease. There were statistically significant differences in best visual acuity and corneal thickness between genders (p<0.05). The majority of the cases were managed with contact lenses (56.08%).
Genetic and environmental factors could have a substantial role in the increased rate of keratoconus presentation in Najran Province. Screening programmes should dedicate more attention to late presentation to improve prevention and early detection. More studies on keratoconus epidemiology in Saudi Arabia are needed.
我们的研究旨在估算沙特阿拉伯南部纳季兰市圆锥角膜疾病的流行病学情况以及疾病表现中的重要人口统计学因素。
在纳季兰省哈立德国王综合医院眼科诊所，招募年龄在9至29岁之间且确诊为圆锥角膜的患者，为期一年。收集并分析视力、角膜曲率测量、角膜厚度及人口统计学数据。
发现纳季兰省圆锥角膜患病率为每10万人87.3例，发病率为每10万例28.47例。该疾病在男性患者中更为常见（67.9%），男女平均年龄存在统计学显著差异（p = 0.014）。大多数病例处于中度阶段，近一半病例报告有家族病史。男女之间的最佳视力和角膜厚度存在统计学显著差异（p < 0.05）。大多数病例采用隐形眼镜进行治疗（56.08%）。
遗传和环境因素可能在纳季兰省圆锥角膜发病率增加中起重要作用。筛查项目应更加关注晚期病例，以改善预防和早期检测。沙特阿拉伯需要更多关于圆锥角膜流行病学的研究。
