Alamoudi Saeed M, Marghalani Siham M, Alajmi Rakan S, Aljefri Yara E, Alafif Abdullah F
Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU.
Dermatology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Western Region, Jeddah, SAU.
Cureus. 2021 Apr 28;13(4):e14738. doi: 10.7759/cureus.14738.
Objectives Alopecia areata (AA) is a common immune-mediated hair disorder that presents in different clinical patterns. This study aims to find the association between vitamin D and zinc levels with AA phenotypes, to determine the common comorbidities in AA patients, and to assess the influence of age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) on AA phenotypes. Methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected through retrospective chart review of the electronic medical record system (BestCare) and by utilizing a structured data collection sheet. Results A total of 177 patients were clinically diagnosed with AA with a mean age of 28.37 ± 12.68 years. The mean vitamin D level was 49.14 ± 29.09 nmol/L. Zinc levels were reported in only 22 patients, among which, only one patient had deficient levels. The mean zinc level was 9.8 ± 1.5 µmol/L. Patchy alopecia areata (60.45%) was the most common phenotype followed by universalis (9%) and totalis (7%). Hypothyroidism (11.8%) was the most prevalent comorbidity followed by atopic diseases (10.7%), then both diabetes and mood disorders (6.2%). Conclusion Deficient serum vitamin D levels were present in 62.7% of patients with AA. Nevertheless, no statistically significant relation was detected between vitamin D status and patterns of alopecia areata (P=0.108). A limited number of our sample had records of zinc levels with a mean serum of 9.8 ± 1.5 µmol/L and only one patient was found to be deficient.
目的 斑秃（AA）是一种常见的免疫介导性毛发疾病，有不同的临床类型。本研究旨在探寻维生素D和锌水平与AA各型之间的关联，确定AA患者常见的合并症，并评估年龄、性别和体重指数（BMI）对AA各型的影响。方法 这是一项在沙特阿拉伯吉达阿卜杜勒阿齐兹国王医疗城（KAMC）开展的横断面研究。数据通过回顾电子病历系统（BestCare）中的病历以及使用结构化数据收集表收集。结果 共有177例患者被临床诊断为AA，平均年龄为28.37±12.68岁。维生素D平均水平为49.14±29.09 nmol/L。仅22例患者有锌水平记录，其中只有1例患者锌水平不足。锌平均水平为9.8±1.5 µmol/L。斑片状斑秃（60.45%）是最常见的类型，其次是全秃（9%）和普秃（7%）。甲状腺功能减退（11.8%）是最常见的合并症，其次是特应性疾病（10.7%），然后是糖尿病和情绪障碍（均为6.2%）。结论 62.7%的AA患者血清维生素D水平不足。然而，未检测到维生素D状态与斑秃类型之间存在统计学显著关联（P=0.108）。我们样本中仅有少数有锌水平记录，血清平均水平为9.8±1.5 µmol/L，仅发现1例患者锌水平不足。
