Dermatology Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.
Int J Dermatol. 2019 Jul;58(7):811-815. doi: 10.1111/ijd.14381. Epub 2019 Jan 24.
Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune condition that usually presents as patchy, nonscarring hair loss. Autoimmune disorders and atopy are reported as comorbid conditions. We aimed to investigate the demographics, clinical characteristics, and associations of AA in Tunisian patients.
Demographic data, pattern of alopecia, age of onset, and associations were evaluated in 204 patients from January 2012 to June 2016.
Two hundred and four cases of AA were seen. The male to female ratio was 0.68. The mean age at presentation was 23 years old. Positive family history was noticed in 22.1% of patients. Personal history of atopy was associated with AA in 18.1%. Associated autoimmune diseases were thyroid disorders (12.7%), vitiligo (1.5%), psoriasis (three cases), type 1 diabetes (two cases), autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) syndrome (two cases), lichen sclerosus atrophicus (one case), and pemphigus vulgaris (one case). Patchy AA was the most common manifestation (49.5%) followed by alopecia universalis (27.5%), alopecia ophiasis (12.7%), and alopecia totalis (10.3%). Nail changes consisting of pitting, trachyonychia, and longitudinal ridging were reported in 24.8%. AA patterns were more severe in females (P = 0.049). Severe forms showed more persistent disease duration (P = 0.005), earlier onset (P = 0.001), and more recurring episodes (P = 0.002) and were significantly associated with nail involvement (P < 0.001).
Our study aimed to review epidemio-clinical characteristics and comorbid conditions of AA in Tunisian patients. More severe cases with a pejorative value of early-onset AA, long disease duration, and nail involvement were seen in our study.
斑秃（AA）是一种自身免疫性疾病，通常表现为斑片状、非瘢痕性脱发。自身免疫性疾病和特应性被报道为合并症。我们旨在研究突尼斯患者 AA 的人口统计学、临床特征和关联。
评估了 2012 年 1 月至 2016 年 6 月期间 204 例 AA 患者的人口统计学数据、脱发模式、发病年龄和关联。
共观察到 204 例 AA 病例。男女比例为 0.68。发病时的平均年龄为 23 岁。22.1%的患者有阳性家族史。特应性个人史与 AA 相关（18.1%）。自身免疫性疾病包括甲状腺疾病（12.7%）、白癜风（1.5%）、银屑病（3 例）、1 型糖尿病（2 例）、自身免疫性多内分泌腺病-念珠菌病-外胚层营养不良（APECED）综合征（2 例）、萎缩性硬化性苔藓（1 例）和寻常性天疱疮（1 例）。斑片状 AA 是最常见的表现（49.5%），其次是全秃（27.5%）、斑秃（12.7%）和普秃（10.3%）。指甲变化包括凹陷、粗厚和纵向脊，报告发生率为 24.8%。女性 AA 模式更严重（P=0.049）。严重形式表现为更持久的疾病持续时间（P=0.005）、更早的发病时间（P=0.001）、更多的反复发作（P=0.002），与指甲受累显著相关（P<0.001）。
我们的研究旨在回顾突尼斯患者 AA 的流行临床特征和合并症。在我们的研究中，更严重的病例表现为发病早、疾病持续时间长、指甲受累的不良预后。
