Levey G S, Sherman C R, Gentile N O, Hough L J, Dial T H, Jolly P
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania.
Ann Intern Med. 1988 Sep 1;109(5):414-8. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-109-5-414.
This report shows the results of a survey of 5604 faculty in departments of medicine, 4200 of whom had postdoctoral research training. As a follow-up to a previous study of research activity in the same population, this retrospective survey focused on location of training, source of funding, structure of the training program, impact of the training experience on career development, and respondents' recommendations for changes in training programs. A predominant finding is that most postdoctoral training occurred in medical schools, and the primary source of funding was the National Institutes of Health. For faculty members with the MD degree, being an active researcher and principal investigator for a peer-reviewed research grant were associated with length of training. The average length of time between the end of postdoctoral research training and obtaining the first peer-reviewed research grant was 24 months, regardless of length of training, source of training support, training site, or type of academic degree (MD, MD-PhD, or PhD). The results of this survey suggest a tentative formula to be a successful researcher in academic medicine: 2 or more years of postdoctoral research training, including formal course work in the fundamental sciences pertinent to biomedical research; 2 to 3 years of full research support from the academic institution until the first extramural grant is obtained; and commitment of at least 33% of time to research activities. The results also suggest directions for change and improvement in future research training programs.
本报告展示了一项针对5604名医学系教员的调查结果，其中4200人接受过博士后研究培训。作为对同一人群先前研究活动的后续跟进，这项回顾性调查聚焦于培训地点、资金来源、培训项目结构、培训经历对职业发展的影响，以及受访者对培训项目改进的建议。一个主要发现是，大多数博士后培训发生在医学院校，且主要资金来源是美国国立卫生研究院。对于拥有医学博士学位的教员而言，作为活跃的研究人员以及同行评审研究基金的首席研究员与培训时长相关。博士后研究培训结束至获得首个同行评审研究基金之间的平均时长为24个月，这与培训时长、培训支持来源、培训地点或学术学位类型（医学博士、医学博士 - 哲学博士或哲学博士）无关。本次调查结果表明了在学术医学领域成为一名成功研究人员的初步公式：两年或更长时间的博士后研究培训，包括与生物医学研究相关的基础科学正规课程学习；在获得首个校外基金之前，由学术机构提供两到三年的全额研究支持；并且至少将33%的时间投入到研究活动中。这些结果还为未来研究培训项目的变革与改进指明了方向。
