定义全球健康：系统评价和文献主题分析的结果。
Defining global health: findings from a systematic review and thematic analysis of the literature.
机构信息
Anthropology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.
出版信息
BMJ Glob Health. 2021 Jun;6(6). doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005292.
INTRODUCTION
Debate around a common definition of global health has seen extensive scholarly interest within the last two decades; however, consensus around a precise definition remains elusive. The objective of this study was to systematically review definitions of global health in the literature and offer grounded theoretical insights into what might be seen as relevant for establishing a common definition of global health.
METHOD
A systematic review was conducted with qualitative synthesis of findings using peer-reviewed literature from key databases. Publications were identified by the keywords of 'global health' and 'define' or 'definition' or 'defining'. Coding methods were used for qualitative analysis to identify recurring themes in definitions of global health published between 2009 and 2019.
RESULTS
The search resulted in 1363 publications, of which 78 were included. Qualitative analysis of the data generated four theoretical categories and associated subthemes delineating key aspects of global health. These included: (1) global health is a multiplex approach to worldwide health improvement taught and pursued at research institutions; (2) global health is an ethically oriented initiative that is guided by justice principles; (3) global health is a mode of governance that yields influence through problem identification, political decision-making, as well as the allocation and exchange of resources across borders and (4) global health is a vague yet versatile concept with multiple meanings, historical antecedents and an emergent future.
CONCLUSION
Extant definitions of global health can be categorised thematically to designate areas of importance for stakeholders and to organise future debates on its definition. Future contributions to this debate may consider shifting from questioning the abstract 'what' of global health towards more pragmatic and reflexive questions about 'who' defines global health and towards what ends.
简介
在过去的二十年中，围绕全球卫生的共同定义展开了广泛的学术讨论；然而，对于一个精确的定义仍未达成共识。本研究的目的是系统地回顾文献中全球卫生的定义，并从理论角度深入探讨哪些方面与建立全球卫生的共同定义相关。
方法
采用系统综述方法，对来自主要数据库的同行评议文献进行定性综合分析。通过“全球卫生”和“定义”或“定义”或“定义”的关键词来识别出版物。使用编码方法对 2009 年至 2019 年期间发表的全球卫生定义进行定性分析，以确定定义中反复出现的主题。
结果
搜索结果产生了 1363 篇出版物，其中 78 篇被纳入。对数据的定性分析产生了四个理论类别和相关子主题，勾勒出全球卫生的关键方面。这些方面包括：（1）全球卫生是一种多方面的方法，旨在通过研究机构来改善全球健康；（2）全球卫生是一项以正义原则为指导的伦理导向倡议；（3）全球卫生是一种治理模式，通过问题识别、政治决策以及跨国界资源的分配和交流来产生影响；（4）全球卫生是一个模糊但多功能的概念，具有多种含义、历史渊源和新兴的未来。
结论
现有的全球卫生定义可以进行主题分类，以指定利益相关者关注的领域，并组织未来关于其定义的辩论。未来对这一辩论的贡献可以考虑从质疑全球卫生的抽象“是什么”转向更务实和反思性的问题，即“谁”定义全球卫生以及“为了什么目的”。
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