Nanduri Lalitha Sarad Yamini, Duddempudi Phaneendra K, Yang Weng-Lang, Tamarat Radia, Guha Chandan
Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.
Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.
Front Pharmacol. 2021 May 18;12:662437. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.662437. eCollection 2021.
Normal tissue injury from accidental or therapeutic exposure to high-dose radiation can cause severe acute and delayed toxicities, which result in mortality and chronic morbidity. Exposure to single high-dose radiation leads to a multi-organ failure, known as acute radiation syndrome, which is caused by radiation-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage to tissue stem cells. The radiation exposure results in acute cell loss, cell cycle arrest, senescence, and early damage to bone marrow and intestine with high mortality from sepsis. There is an urgent need for developing medical countermeasures against radiation injury for normal tissue toxicity. In this review, we discuss the potential of applying secretory extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stromal/stem cells, endothelial cells, and macrophages for promoting repair and regeneration of organs after radiation injury.
意外或治疗性暴露于高剂量辐射导致的正常组织损伤可引起严重的急性和迟发性毒性，从而导致死亡和慢性发病。单次高剂量辐射暴露会导致多器官功能衰竭，即急性放射病，这是由辐射诱导的氧化应激和对组织干细胞的DNA损伤引起的。辐射暴露导致急性细胞丢失、细胞周期停滞、衰老以及骨髓和肠道的早期损伤，败血症导致的死亡率很高。迫切需要开发针对辐射损伤引起的正常组织毒性的医学对策。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了应用源自间充质基质/干细胞、内皮细胞和巨噬细胞的分泌性细胞外囊泡促进辐射损伤后器官修复和再生的潜力。
