CSO, Swiss Bioscience GmbH, Wagistrasse 27 A, Schlieren, 8952 Zurich, Switzerland.
Reader Emeritus, Faculty of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Kidlington, Oxfordshire OX5 2AX, UK.
Cells. 2021 Feb 18;10(2):427. doi: 10.3390/cells10020427.
Ionising radiation-induced normal tissue damage is a major concern in clinic and public health. It is the most limiting factor in radiotherapy treatment of malignant diseases. It can also cause a serious harm to populations exposed to accidental radiation exposure or nuclear warfare. With regard to the clinical use of radiation, there has been a number of modalities used in the field of radiotherapy. These includes physical modalities such modified collimators or fractionation schedules in radiotherapy. In addition, there are a number of pharmacological agents such as essential fatty acids, vasoactive drugs, enzyme inhibitors, antioxidants, and growth factors for the prevention or treatment of radiation lesions in general. However, at present, there is no standard procedure for the treatment of radiation-induced normal tissue lesions. Stem cells and their role in tissue regeneration have been known to biologists, in particular to radiobiologists, for many years. It was only recently that the potential of stem cells was studied in the treatment of radiation lesions. Stem cells, immediately after their successful isolation from a variety of animal and human tissues, demonstrated their likely application in the treatment of various diseases. This paper describes the types and origin of stem cells, their characteristics, current research, and reviews their potential in the treatment and regeneration of radiation induced normal tissue lesions. Adult stem cells, among those mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), are the most extensively studied of stem cells. This review focuses on the effects of MSCs in the treatment of radiation lesions.
电离辐射诱导的正常组织损伤是临床和公共卫生的主要关注点。它是恶性疾病放射治疗的最限制因素。它也可能对意外辐射暴露或核战争中暴露的人群造成严重危害。关于辐射的临床应用，放射治疗领域已经有多种方式。这些方式包括放射治疗中的物理方式，如改良准直器或分割方案。此外，还有许多药理学制剂，如必需脂肪酸、血管活性药物、酶抑制剂、抗氧化剂和生长因子，用于预防或治疗一般的辐射损伤。然而，目前还没有治疗辐射诱导的正常组织损伤的标准程序。干细胞及其在组织再生中的作用已经为生物学家，特别是放射生物学家所熟知多年。直到最近，干细胞的潜力才在治疗辐射损伤方面得到研究。干细胞在从各种动物和人类组织中成功分离后，立即显示出它们在治疗各种疾病中的应用潜力。本文描述了干细胞的类型和来源、它们的特征、当前的研究，并回顾了它们在治疗和再生辐射诱导的正常组织损伤方面的潜力。成体干细胞，包括间充质干细胞（MSCs），是研究最多的干细胞。本综述重点介绍了 MSCs 在治疗辐射损伤中的作用。
