Mason R J, Rose S P
Brain Research Group, Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom.
Behav Neural Biol. 1988 May;49(3):280-92. doi: 10.1016/s0163-1047(88)90258-0.
Presentation of a bright bead to day-old chicks (Gallus domesticus: Ross 1 Chunky Chicks) elicits spontaneous pecking. If the bead is coated with an aversive substance (e.g., methylanthranilate), they will avoid similar beads subsequently; if it is coated with water, they peck avidly on re-presentation. Formation of a memory for this one-trial passive avoidance task is unaffected by subconvulsive transcranial electroshock when applied 10 min after training in 60% of birds, whereas "immediate" post-training electroshock renders 63% of chicks amnesic. Memory formation and retention is associated with a large bilateral enhancement in trained over control chicks (320 and 350% in left and right hemispheres, respectively; p less than 0.001) of a particular spontaneous multi-unit activity firing pattern, that is, short-duration (15-40 ms) bursts of large-amplitude (greater than or equal to 200 microV, 450 microV max p-p), high-frequency (400-450 Hz) spiking in anesthetized chicks. This effect is observed in data lumped from 1-13 h after training and is restricted to the intermediate medial hyperstriatum ventrale. When chicks are rendered amnesic by electroshock immediately following training, there is a complete abolition of this increase in burst firing; in those chicks where this treatment fails to elicit amnesia, the increase in bursting is still observed. In birds in which the shock is delayed and memory formation occurs, the increase in bursting activity is maintained; however, if the delayed shock produces apparent amnesia, then the increase is once again abolished. The electroshock had no effect on bursting per se in untrained chicks. There was no significant difference in tonic spiking between the chicks. A marked increase in the occurrence of bursting epochs in the IMHV of anesthetized chicks following passive avoidance training is therefore closely associated with memory formation, but not with the nonspecific concomitants of the training procedure.
给一日龄雏鸡（家鸡：罗斯1号矮胖型雏鸡）呈现一颗明亮的珠子会引发其自发啄食行为。如果珠子涂有厌恶物质（如邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯），它们随后会避开类似的珠子；如果涂的是水，再次呈现时它们会 avidly 啄食。在60%的鸟类中，训练后10分钟施加亚惊厥性经颅电击对这一单试次被动回避任务的记忆形成没有影响，而训练后“立即”电击会使63%的雏鸡失忆。记忆的形成和保持与训练雏鸡相对于对照雏鸡（左半球和右半球分别为320%和350%；p小于0.001）特定的自发多单位活动放电模式的大幅双侧增强有关，即在麻醉雏鸡中出现的短持续时间（15 - 40毫秒）、大幅度（大于或等于200微伏，最大峰 - 峰值450微伏）、高频（400 - 450赫兹）的尖峰放电。在训练后1 - 13小时汇总的数据中观察到这种效应，且仅限于中间内侧腹侧上纹状体。训练后立即通过电击使雏鸡失忆时，这种爆发性放电的增加会完全消失；在那些这种处理未能引发失忆的雏鸡中，仍可观察到爆发性放电的增加。在电击延迟且记忆形成的鸟类中，爆发性活动的增加得以维持；然而，如果延迟电击导致明显失忆，那么这种增加会再次消失。电击对未训练雏鸡的爆发性放电本身没有影响。雏鸡之间的紧张性尖峰放电没有显著差异。因此，被动回避训练后麻醉雏鸡的中间内侧腹侧上纹状体中爆发性放电时段的显著增加与记忆形成密切相关，而与训练过程的非特异性伴随因素无关。
avidly 原文拼写有误，推测可能是“avidly”，意为“贪婪地；热心地” ，这里根据语境意译为“急切地” 。
