Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States.
J Med Chem. 2021 Jun 24;64(12):8755-8774. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00758. Epub 2021 Jun 4.
The genus of the picornavirus family contains many important human pathogens. EV-D68 primarily infects children, and the disease manifestations range from respiratory illnesses to neurological complications such as acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). EV-A71 is a major pathogen for the hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in children and can also lead to AFM and death in severe cases. CVB3 infection can cause cardiac arrhythmias, acute heart failure, as well as type 1 diabetes. There is currently no FDA-approved antiviral for any of these enteroviruses. In this study, we report our discovery and development of pyrazolopyridine-containing small molecules with potent and broad-spectrum antiviral activity against multiple strains of EV-D68, EV-A71, and CVB3. Serial viral passage experiments, coupled with reverse genetics and thermal shift binding assays, suggested that these molecules target the viral protein 2C. Overall, the pyrazolopyridine inhibitors represent a promising class of candidates for the urgently needed nonpolio enterovirus antivirals.
小核糖核酸病毒科的属包含许多重要的人类病原体。肠道病毒 D68(EV-D68)主要感染儿童,其疾病表现从呼吸道疾病到神经并发症,如急性弛缓性脊髓炎(AFM)。肠道病毒 A71(EV-A71)是儿童手足口病(HFMD)的主要病原体,在严重情况下也可导致 AFM 和死亡。柯萨奇病毒 B3(CVB3)感染可引起心律失常、急性心力衰竭以及 1 型糖尿病。目前,还没有 FDA 批准的针对这些肠道病毒的抗病毒药物。在这项研究中,我们报告了含有吡唑并吡啶的小分子的发现和开发,这些小分子对 EV-D68、EV-A71 和 CVB3 的多种毒株具有强大且广谱的抗病毒活性。连续的病毒传代实验,结合反向遗传学和热移位结合测定,表明这些分子靶向病毒蛋白 2C。总的来说,吡唑并吡啶抑制剂代表了一类有前途的候选药物,可用于急需的非脊髓灰质炎肠道病毒抗病毒药物。