Synthesis and approbation of new neuroprotective chemicals of pyrrolyl- and indolylazine classes in a cell model of Alzheimer's disease.

One of the major causes of neurodegeneration in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease is the accumulation of cytotoxic amyloid species within the intercellular compartments of the brain. The efficacy of the anti-proteotoxic mechanism based on the molecular chaperones Hsp70 and Hsp90 in numerous types of neurons is often low, while its pharmacological enhancement has been shown to ameliorate the physiological and cognitive functions of the brain. Suggesting that the chemicals able to induce heat shock protein synthesis and therefore rescue neural cells from cytotoxicity associated with amyloid, we have synthesized a group of pyrrolyl- and indolylazines that cause the accumulation of heat shock proteins, using a novel method of photocatalysis that is employed in green chemistry. The selected compounds were tested in a cell model of Alzheimer's disease and demonstrated a pronounced neuroprotective effect. These substances increased the survival of neurons, blocked the activation of β-galactosidase, and prevented apoptosis in neurons cultured in the presence of β-amyloid.