Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia.
Department of Business Administration, ILMA University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Nov;28(41):57582-57601. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-13829-2. Epub 2021 Jun 5.
A key objective of renewable energy development in the USA is to reduce CO emissions by decreasing reliance on fossil fuels in the coming decades. Using quantile-on-quantile regressions, this research examines the relationship between disaggregated sources of renewable energy (biomass, biofuel, geothermal, hydroelectric, solar, wind, wood, and waste) and CO emissions in the USA during the period from 1995 to 2017. Our findings support the deployment of various types of renewables in combating CO emissions for each quantile. In particular, a negative effect of renewable energy consumption on CO emissions is observed for the lower quantiles in almost all types of renewables. The effect of all the renewable energy sources taken together is significant for the lower and upper quantiles of the provisional distribution of CO emissions. The effect of renewable energy becomes stronger and more significant in the middle quantiles, where a pronounced causal effect of return and volatility is detected for the lower and upper middle quantiles. At the same time, heterogeneity in the findings across various types of renewable energy sources reveals differences in the relative importance of each type within the energy sector taken as a whole. Future US initiatives in renewable energy deployment at both the federal and the state levels should take into consideration the relative importance of each type, so as to maximize the efficacy of renewable energy policies in combating CO emissions.
美国可再生能源发展的一个主要目标是减少对化石燃料的依赖，从而在未来几十年内减少 CO2 排放。本研究利用分位数-分位数回归，考察了 1995 年至 2017 年间美国可再生能源（生物质、生物燃料、地热能、水电、太阳能、风能、木材和废物）的各分项来源与 CO2 排放之间的关系。我们的研究结果支持在各个分位数上部署各种类型的可再生能源来对抗 CO2 排放。具体来说，在几乎所有类型的可再生能源中，可再生能源消费对 CO2 排放的负面影响在较低分位数上都很显著。所有可再生能源的综合效应在 CO2 排放的下限和上限分位数上都很显著。在中间分位数上，可再生能源的效应更强且更显著，在中下分位数上检测到了回报和波动的显著因果效应。与此同时，不同类型可再生能源的结果存在异质性，这揭示了整个能源部门中每种类型的相对重要性的差异。未来美国在联邦和州各级的可再生能源部署计划应考虑到每种类型的相对重要性，以最大程度地提高可再生能源政策在对抗 CO2 排放方面的效果。
