Bilgili Faik, Öztürk İlhan, Koçak Emrah, Bulut Ümit, Pamuk Yalçın, Muğaloğlu Erhan, Bağlıtaş Hayriye H
FEAS, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
FEAS, Çağ University, 33800, Mersin, Turkey.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016 Oct;23(19):19043-61. doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-7094-2. Epub 2016 Jun 23.
In terms of today, one may argue, throughout observations from energy literature papers, that (i) one of the main contributors of the global warming is carbon dioxide emissions, (ii) the fossil fuel energy usage greatly contributes to the carbon dioxide emissions, and (iii) the simulations from energy models attract the attention of policy makers to renewable energy as alternative energy source to mitigate the carbon dioxide emissions. Although there appears to be intensive renewable energy works in the related literature regarding renewables' efficiency/impact on environmental quality, a researcher might still need to follow further studies to review the significance of renewables in the environment since (i) the existing seminal papers employ time series models and/or panel data models or some other statistical observation to detect the role of renewables in the environment and (ii) existing papers consider mostly aggregated renewable energy source rather than examining the major component(s) of aggregated renewables. This paper attempted to examine clearly the impact of biomass on carbon dioxide emissions in detail through time series and frequency analyses. Hence, the paper follows wavelet coherence analyses. The data covers the US monthly observations ranging from 1984:1 to 2015 for the variables of total energy carbon dioxide emissions, biomass energy consumption, coal consumption, petroleum consumption, and natural gas consumption. The paper thus, throughout wavelet coherence and wavelet partial coherence analyses, observes frequency properties as well as time series properties of relevant variables to reveal the possible significant influence of biomass usage on the emissions in the USA in both the short-term and the long-term cycles. The paper also reveals, finally, that the biomass consumption mitigates CO2 emissions in the long run cycles after the year 2005 in the USA.
就当今而言，人们可以从能源文献论文的观察中认为：（i）全球变暖的主要促成因素之一是二氧化碳排放；（ii）化石燃料能源的使用极大地促成了二氧化碳排放；（iii）能源模型的模拟吸引了政策制定者对可再生能源作为替代能源的关注，以减少二氧化碳排放。尽管在相关文献中似乎有大量关于可再生能源效率/对环境质量影响的研究，但研究人员可能仍需要跟进进一步的研究，以审视可再生能源在环境中的重要性，因为（i）现有的开创性论文采用时间序列模型和/或面板数据模型或其他一些统计观察方法来检测可再生能源在环境中的作用；（ii）现有论文大多考虑的是聚合的可再生能源，而不是研究聚合可再生能源的主要组成部分。本文试图通过时间序列和频率分析，详细考察生物质对二氧化碳排放的影响。因此，本文采用小波相干分析。数据涵盖了1984年1月至2015年美国的月度观测数据，涉及总能源二氧化碳排放、生物质能源消耗、煤炭消耗、石油消耗和天然气消耗等变量。因此，本文通过小波相干分析和小波偏相干分析，观察相关变量的频率特性以及时间序列特性，以揭示生物质使用在美国短期和长期周期内对排放可能产生的显著影响。本文最终还揭示，在美国，2005年后的长期周期中，生物质消耗会减少二氧化碳排放。
