Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Department of Deciduous Fruit Trees, Hellenic Agricultural Organization 'Demeter', Naoussa, Greece.
J Sci Food Agric. 2022 Jan 15;102(1):259-267. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.11354. Epub 2021 Jun 21.
Damage from cracking, russeting, and sunscalds causes significant yield losses in pomegranate worldwide and may result from stressful environmental conditions. Although foliar sprays with minerals or growth regulators could be an important orchard management, little is known on the effectiveness of glycine betaine, silicon (Si)-based fertilizers or the response of cv. Wonderful to gibberellin A (GA ).
During a 2-year study, foliar spraying with GA at 75 or 150 mg L applied in July substantially reduced cracking, russeting, and sunscald symptoms and increased fruit size, yield, and 100-aril weight, without affecting the % edible portion or % juice, suggesting that arils and skin increased similarly. Nevertheless, they reduced the skin red coloration, especially at the higher dose. GA at 75 mg L applied in September resulted in a low number of harvested fruit as a result of delayed maturation. Spraying with glycine betaine at seven repeated times at biweekly intervals starting in July, reduced sunscald symptoms, red coloration, and maturity index only in the year with high damage. Foliar sprays with calcium chloride or Si-based fertilizer containing potassium, applied as in the glycine betaine treatment, did not affect the occurrence of physiological disorders, whereas Si-based fertilizer containing potassium and calcium increased cracking and decreased sunscald only in the year with high damage.
Spraying with GA at 75 mg L in July could have a significant impact on a grower's income by reducing damage from physiological disorders, improving yield with a minimum decrease in red skin coloration. The efficacy of nutrient-related fertilizers and glycine betaine were not constant, and this would be useful to evaluate at earlier application times and under stress conditions. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
石榴裂果、皱果和日灼的损害会导致全球石榴产量的巨大损失，这可能是由于环境胁迫造成的。虽然叶面喷施矿物质或生长调节剂可能是果园管理的重要手段，但关于甜菜碱、硅（Si）基肥料或 cv 的有效性知之甚少。奇妙对赤霉素 A（GA）的响应。
在为期两年的研究中，75 或 150 mg/L GA 在 7 月喷施可显著减轻裂果、皱果和日灼症状，增加果实大小、产量和 100 粒重，而不影响可食用部分或果汁的%，表明籽粒和果皮增加幅度相似。然而，它们降低了果皮的红色着色，特别是在较高剂量下。75 mg/L GA 在 9 月喷施会导致收获的果实数量较少，原因是成熟延迟。从 7 月开始，每隔两周重复喷施 7 次甜菜碱，可减少日灼症状、红色着色和成熟指数，仅在损伤严重的年份有效。像在喷施甜菜碱处理中那样，喷施氯化钙或含钾的 Si 基肥料对生理障碍的发生没有影响，而含钾和钙的 Si 基肥料仅在损伤严重的年份增加裂果并减少日灼。
7 月喷施 75 mg/L GA 可通过减少生理障碍造成的损害，在最小程度降低红色果皮着色的情况下提高产量，从而对种植者的收入产生重大影响。与营养相关的肥料和甜菜碱的功效并不稳定，这将有助于在更早的应用时间和胁迫条件下进行评估。© 2021 化学工业协会。
