Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.
Laboratory of Microscopic Imaging and Specialized Biological Techniques, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.
J Sci Food Agric. 2020 May;100(7):2911-2921. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.10318. Epub 2020 Feb 27.
Cherry fruit cracking is a costly problem for cherry growers. The effect of repeated sprayings (gibberellic acid - GA ; abscisic acid - ABA; salicylic acid - SA; glycine betaine - GB, and Ascophyllum nodosum - AN) combined with CaCl , on 'Sweetheart' cherry fruit-cracking characteristics was investigated. Cracking was quantified in terms of cracking incidence, crack morphology, confocal scanning laser microscopy, cuticular wax content, cell-wall modification, and cuticular wax gene expression.
All spray treatments reduced cracking compared with an untreated control (H O), with fewer cheek cracks. The least cracking incidence was observed for ABA + CaCl - and GB + CaCl -treated fruits, indicating an added benefit compared to spraying with CaCl alone. In addition, GB + CaCl -treated fruits showed higher fruit diameter. ABA + CaCl and GB + CaCl sprays showed higher wax content and higher cuticle and epidermal thickness compared with the control, including increased expression of wax synthase (ABA + CaCl ) and expansin 1 (GB + CaCl ).
In general, factors that improve the cuticle thickness appear to be important at the fruit-coloring stage. At the fruit-ripening stage, larger cell sizes of the epidermis, hypodermis, and parenchyma cells lower cracking incidence, indicating the importance of flexibility and elasticity of the epidermis. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
樱桃裂果是樱桃种植者面临的一个高成本问题。本研究调查了重复喷施（赤霉素 - GA ；脱落酸 - ABA ；水杨酸 - SA ；甘氨酸甜菜碱 - GB ，和泡叶藻 - AN ）结合氯化钙对‘甜心’樱桃裂果特性的影响。采用裂果发生率、裂果形态、共聚焦扫描激光显微镜、角质层蜡含量、细胞壁修饰和角质层蜡基因表达等指标来量化裂果。
与未处理对照（H₂O）相比，所有喷施处理均减少了裂果，裂嘴果减少。ABA+CaCl₂和 GB+CaCl₂处理的裂果发生率最低，表明与单独喷施氯化钙相比具有附加益处。此外，GB+CaCl₂处理的果实直径较大。与对照相比，ABA+CaCl₂和 GB+CaCl₂处理的果实角质层蜡含量和角质层、表皮厚度更高，包括蜡合成酶（ABA+CaCl₂）和扩张蛋白 1（GB+CaCl₂）表达增加。
总的来说，改善角质层厚度的因素在果实着色期似乎很重要。在果实成熟期，表皮、下皮层和果肉细胞的细胞尺寸较大可降低裂果发生率，表明表皮的灵活性和弹性很重要。 © 2020 英国化学学会。
