Public Health Observatory, Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Ciberesp ISCIII, CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
Front Public Health. 2021 May 20;9:616191. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.616191. eCollection 2021.
Although in-work poverty has been increasing, in Europe policy about poverty and social exclusion tends to focus on labor market participation, independently of the level of remuneration and the quality of work, and studies about financial strain among workers, as well as on its relationship with health status, are still scarce. The objectives of this study were: (1) to compare the prevalence of financial strain among workers among different welfare state typologies, and (2) to examine whether the relationship between financial strain and health status differs by welfare state regime. For both objectives we examined whether there were gender differences. We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the 6th European Working Conditions Survey of 2015 and selected a subsample of all employees from the EU28 aged 16-64 years (13,156 men and 13,225 women). There were large differences in the prevalence of financial strain between welfare state typologies, which were not explained by individual factors. Additionally, differences across welfare regimes were greater among women. Nordic countries had the lowest prevalence (12.1% among men and 12.3% among women) whereas Southern European countries had the highest (49.5% among men and 47.9% among women). In both sexes and in all welfare state typologies, financial strain was associated with poor self-perceived health status and poor psychological well-being. Whereas, Southern European countries had the highest prevalence of financial strain, the magnitude of the association with health status was smaller than in other country typologies. In Europe, policies are needed to address the specific structural factors leading to financial strain as well as its relationship with health status among workers.
尽管工作贫困现象一直在增加，但在欧洲，关于贫困和社会排斥的政策往往侧重于劳动力市场参与，而不论薪酬水平和工作质量如何，关于工人经济拮据的研究，以及其与健康状况的关系，仍然很少。本研究的目的是：(1)比较不同福利国家类型中工人经济拮据的流行程度，(2)研究经济拮据与健康状况之间的关系是否因福利国家制度而异。对于这两个目标，我们都检查了是否存在性别差异。我们使用了 2015 年第六次欧洲工作条件调查的数据进行了一项横断面研究，并从欧盟 28 个国家中选择了所有年龄在 16-64 岁的员工的子样本(男性 13156 人，女性 13225 人)。福利国家类型之间经济拮据的流行程度存在很大差异，这不能用个人因素来解释。此外，福利制度之间的差异在女性中更大。北欧国家的患病率最低(男性为 12.1%，女性为 12.3%)，而南欧国家的患病率最高(男性为 49.5%，女性为 47.9%)。在男性和女性以及所有福利国家类型中，经济拮据与自我感知健康状况不佳和心理健康状况不佳有关。然而，在南欧国家，经济拮据的患病率最高，但与健康状况的关联程度小于其他国家类型。在欧洲，需要制定政策来解决导致经济拮据的具体结构性因素，以及工人经济拮据与健康状况之间的关系。
