Zimmermann Johannes, Widiger Thomas A, Oeltjen Lara, Conway Christopher C, Morey Leslie C
University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany.
University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
Assessment. 2022 Jan;29(1):75-87. doi: 10.1177/10731911211015313. Epub 2021 Jun 6.
The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is an empirical-based classification of psychopathology. Detachment is one of the six spectra in the current HiTOP working model. The aim of this study was to develop preliminary scales for the HiTOP Detachment spectrum that can be used in the next phase of developing a comprehensive measure of HiTOP. We had 456 participants from MTurk (Sample 1) and 266 university students (Sample 2) complete an online survey including a pool of 247 Detachment items assessing 15 consensually defined low-order constructs. Using a stepwise procedure involving factor analyses and ant colony optimization methods, we developed seven 8-item scales that capture unipolar facets of Detachment: anhedonia, suspiciousness, social withdrawal, intimacy avoidance, unassertiveness, risk aversion, and restricted affectivity. Three other 8-item scales emerged that tapped into a Maladaptive Extraversion construct (attention-seeking, thrill-seeking, and domineering), which was mostly unrelated to unipolar Detachment in factor analyses. The 10 scales were unidimensional, reliable, and showed some evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. We discuss challenges of assessing Detachment when moving forward with developing a comprehensive measure of HiTOP.
精神病理学层次分类法（HiTOP）是一种基于实证的精神病理学分类方法。脱离是当前HiTOP工作模型中的六个维度之一。本研究的目的是为HiTOP脱离维度开发初步量表，以便在开发HiTOP综合测量方法的下一阶段使用。我们让来自亚马逊土耳其机器人平台的456名参与者（样本1）和266名大学生（样本2）完成一项在线调查，其中包括一组247个脱离项目，用于评估15个经共识定义的低阶结构。通过涉及因子分析和蚁群优化方法的逐步程序，我们开发了七个包含8个条目的量表，这些量表捕捉了脱离的单极方面：快感缺失、猜疑、社交退缩、回避亲密、不自信、风险规避和情感受限。另外出现了三个包含8个条目的量表，它们涉及一种适应不良的外向性结构（寻求关注、寻求刺激和专横），在因子分析中，这种结构与单极脱离大多无关。这10个量表具有单维度性、可靠性，并显示出一些收敛效度和区分效度的证据。我们讨论了在推进HiTOP综合测量方法开发过程中评估脱离时面临的挑战。
