Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), 54 Youdian Road, Hangzhou 310006, China.
Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), 54 Youdian Road, Hangzhou 310006, China.
Neurochem Int. 2021 Sep;148:105094. doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105094. Epub 2021 Jun 8.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and abnormal aggregates of α-synuclein protein called Lewy bodies. To date, there is no drug that can definitely slow down or stop the progression of this disease. The discovery of the cell-to-cell transmission of pathologic α-synuclein seeds offers the possibility to explore novel treatment strategies to prevent the spread of α-synuclein, with the purpose of slowing down the progression of PD in its tracks. Although recent studies have made tremendous progress in understanding how α-synuclein spreads throughout the brain, neuroinflammation seems to play a crucial role in the development of α-synuclein pathology in PD. The activation of microglia, one of the hallmarks of the neuroinflammatory process, is suggested to influence the neuron-to-neuron transmission of α-synuclein. This review summarizes how activated microglia facilitate this process, and focuses on the following mechanisms including the activation of microglia in PD, the reduced ability of activated microglia to clear α-synuclein and increased migratory capacity of microglia in PD, as well as the cooperation between microglia and exosomes in mediating α-synuclein release and propagation. In conclusion, this article help collate information on microglia in-relation to PD.
帕金森病（PD）的特征是黑质致密部多巴胺能神经元丧失和称为路易体的α-突触核蛋白异常聚集。迄今为止，尚无药物能够肯定地减缓或阻止这种疾病的进展。病理性α-突触核蛋白种子的细胞间传播的发现为探索新的治疗策略以防止α-突触核蛋白的传播提供了可能性，目的是减缓 PD 的进展。尽管最近的研究在理解α-突触核蛋白如何在大脑中传播方面取得了巨大进展，但神经炎症似乎在 PD 中α-突触核蛋白病理学的发展中起着关键作用。小胶质细胞的激活，神经炎症过程的标志之一，被认为影响α-突触核蛋白的神经元间传递。这篇综述总结了激活的小胶质细胞如何促进这一过程，并重点介绍了以下机制，包括 PD 中小胶质细胞的激活、激活的小胶质细胞清除α-突触核蛋白的能力降低以及 PD 中小胶质细胞迁移能力增强，以及小胶质细胞与外泌体在介导α-突触核蛋白释放和传播中的合作。总之，本文有助于整理与 PD 相关的小胶质细胞信息。
