Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Leon Judah Blackmore Centre for Sleep Disorders, University of British Columbia Hospital, Vancouver, Canada.
Chronobiol Int. 2023 Jan;40(1):27-32. doi: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1933000. Epub 2021 Jun 8.
Adequate sleep is an important component of cardiovascular health. Due to circadian misalignment and irregular shifts, inadequate sleep is common in shift workers. Adverse consequences include daytime sleepiness, decreased cognitive performance, increased sympathetic tone, inflammation, impaired glucose tolerance, and altered leptin and ghrelin levels. When circadian adjustment has not occurred, daytime sleepers often experience decreased sleep duration and increased wakefulness during displaced sleep; additionally, skipping sleep is common in shift workers, further contributing to sleep deprivation. Habitual decreased sleep duration and physiological changes contribute to obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and increased cardiovascular disease risk in shift workers. Shift workers with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), the most common sleep-related breathing disorder, can experience more frequent sleep disruptions than non-shift workers with OSA. Furthermore, shift work-induced circadian misalignment may potentiate cardiometabolic risk in OSA patients through autonomic nervous system dysfunction and other mechanisms.
充足的睡眠是心血管健康的重要组成部分。由于昼夜节律失调和不规律的轮班，轮班工作者中普遍存在睡眠不足的情况。不良后果包括白天嗜睡、认知能力下降、交感神经张力增加、炎症、葡萄糖耐量受损以及瘦素和胃饥饿素水平改变。当昼夜节律调整尚未发生时，白天的睡眠者在移位睡眠期间通常会经历睡眠时间减少和觉醒增加；此外，轮班工作者中经常会跳过睡眠时间，这进一步导致了睡眠剥夺。习惯性的睡眠时间减少和生理变化导致肥胖、糖尿病、高血压以及轮班工作者心血管疾病风险增加。患有阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）的轮班工作者（最常见的与睡眠相关的呼吸障碍）比非轮班工作者 OSA 患者更容易出现睡眠中断。此外，轮班工作引起的昼夜节律失调可能通过自主神经系统功能障碍和其他机制使 OSA 患者的心脏代谢风险增加。
