Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.
Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas.
J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2021 May;82(3):414-421. doi: 10.15288/jsad.2021.82.414.
Pain-related anxiety is a psychologically based construct that is associated with tobacco dependence and may have important relevance to e-cigarette use. Difficulties with emotion regulation, a relevant construct in motives for cigarette smoking, may interact with pain-related anxiety to yield worsened clinical outcomes among e-cigarette users. We evaluated whether pain-related anxiety and difficulties with emotion regulation independently and in interaction predict e-cigarette users' expectancies surrounding abstinence and their motivation to stop using e-cigarettes.
Daily e-cigarette users (n = 290, mean age= 35.5, SD = 10.9, 56.6% male) completed an online survey about e-cigarette use. We conducted hierarchical multiple regression analyses to evaluate the main and interactive influence of pain-related anxiety and difficulties with emotion regulation on our outcomes.
Increased pain-related anxiety independently predicted negative abstinence expectancies and increased motivation to quit e-cigarette use (ps < .001). Increased difficulties with emotion regulation predicted only negative abstinence expectancies (ps < .01) when pain-related anxiety was included in the model. The interaction between pain-related anxiety and difficulties with emotion regulation was not significant.
As hypothesized, increased pain-related anxiety was associated with both negative expectancies of abstinence and increased motivation to quit e-cigarette use, but contrary to our hypothesis, difficulties with emotion regulation were not significantly associated with increased motivation to quit e-cigarette use when evaluated with pain-related anxiety in the model. These findings may elucidate processes influencing abstinence expectancies and motivation to quit in a sample of e-cigarette users, although replication in a larger, more diverse sample is warranted.
疼痛相关焦虑是一种基于心理的建构，与烟草依赖相关，可能与电子烟的使用有重要关联。情绪调节困难是与吸烟动机相关的一个重要建构，它可能与疼痛相关焦虑相互作用，导致电子烟使用者的临床结果恶化。我们评估了疼痛相关焦虑和情绪调节困难是否独立地以及相互作用预测电子烟使用者对戒烟的期望以及他们戒烟的动机。
每日使用电子烟的参与者（n=290，平均年龄=35.5，SD=10.9，56.6%为男性）完成了一项关于电子烟使用的在线调查。我们进行了分层多元回归分析，以评估疼痛相关焦虑和情绪调节困难对我们结果的主要和交互影响。
疼痛相关焦虑的增加独立预测了消极的戒烟预期和增加戒烟的动机（ps<0.001）。当疼痛相关焦虑被纳入模型时，情绪调节困难的增加仅预测了消极的戒烟预期（ps<0.01）。疼痛相关焦虑和情绪调节困难之间的交互作用不显著。
正如假设的那样，增加的疼痛相关焦虑与消极的戒烟预期和增加戒烟的动机都有关，但与我们的假设相反，当在模型中评估与疼痛相关焦虑时，情绪调节困难与增加戒烟的动机没有显著关联。这些发现可能阐明了在电子烟使用者样本中影响戒烟预期和戒烟动机的过程，尽管需要在更大、更多样化的样本中进行复制。
