Institute of Botany, Nature Research Centre, Žaliųjų Ežerų Str. 49, 08406, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Vokė Branch, Žalioji Sq. 2, 02232, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Mycorrhiza. 2021 Jul;31(4):471-481. doi: 10.1007/s00572-021-01034-5. Epub 2021 Jun 8.
Colonies of piscivorous birds nesting in forests bring in loads of allochthonous material in amounts significantly exceeding atmospheric depositions, eventually causing major ecosystem changes. We studied the effect of increasing ornithogenic impact on ectomycorrhizal (EMF) and other root-associated fungi in a Scots pine forest affected by a colony of great cormorants. We evaluated quantitative data of ectomycorrhiza (numbers of root tips and morphotypes) and identified fungal species from pine root tips and from sporocarps collected in three designated study zones: D (zone of active nesting), E (colony margin), and G (pristine forest). Species-bearing sporocarps were absent in zone D, and their number steadily decreased in zone E and was significantly lower than in zone G. Species communities and occurrence frequencies of individual species differed significantly between the zones. Environmental factors, both directly (nutrient addition) and indirectly (changes in vegetation cover), associated with bird activity have significantly influenced fungal communities. We hypothesize that the first signs of increased avian impact on root-associated fungi are the reduced diversity of sporocarps and the low presence and diversity of boletoid fungi in root tips.
以鱼类为食的鸟类在森林中筑巢，带来了大量的外源物质，其数量大大超过了大气沉积，最终导致了主要的生态系统变化。我们研究了在受大鸕鹚种群影响的苏格兰松林中，鸟类活动增加对外生菌根（EMF）和其他与根相关的真菌的影响。我们评估了外生菌根（根尖数量和形态型）的定量数据，并从松树根尖和在三个指定研究区（D：活动筑巢区、E：种群边缘区和 G：原始森林区）收集的子实体中鉴定了真菌物种。D 区没有带菌的子实体，其数量在 E 区稳步减少，明显低于 G 区。不同区域的物种群落和个别物种的出现频率存在显著差异。与鸟类活动直接相关（养分添加）和间接相关（植被覆盖变化）的环境因素显著影响了真菌群落。我们假设，鸟类对根相关真菌影响增加的最初迹象是子实体多样性降低，以及根尖中生菌根真菌的存在和多样性降低。
