Cellular Neurobiology and Molecular Chemistry of the Central Nervous System Group, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Regional Centre of Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.
Curr Pharm Des. 2021 Oct 5;27(30):3305-3336. doi: 10.2174/1381612827666210608152745.
The rapid pattern of population ageing in recent years increases the risk of appearance of associated neurodegenerative diseases. Dementias are one of the most feared disorders, and although not necessarily all elderly people have dementia, the number of people with this disease is increasing rapidly. The causes of dementia are multiple, and the diagnosis of the different types of dementia is complicated since most patients display mixed dementias and symptoms overlapping. Personalized diagnosis and treatments would be desirable, but this requires a deep knowledge of each type of dementia where a multidisciplinary approach would be ideal. Thus, the aim of this review is to summarize the features of the main types of dementia as well as to compilate the more recent findings on this subject, ranging from genetic and molecular studies to animal models, including the use of omics platforms based on powerful hybrid instrumental techniques, and neuroimage techniques. On the other hand, we consider the aspects that can prevent these disorders and depend on modifiable factors, such as diet, among others. Finally, new technologies, such as nanotechnology can provide novel strategies for the administration of effective treatments. In this regard, our purpose is to provide the most updated and complete overview of state of the art about characteristics of these disorders.
近年来人口老龄化的快速发展增加了相关神经退行性疾病出现的风险。痴呆症是最令人恐惧的疾病之一，尽管并非所有老年人都患有痴呆症，但患这种疾病的人数正在迅速增加。痴呆症的原因很多，不同类型痴呆症的诊断很复杂，因为大多数患者表现出混合性痴呆症和症状重叠。个性化诊断和治疗是理想的，但这需要深入了解每种类型的痴呆症，理想情况下采用多学科方法。因此，本综述的目的是总结主要类型痴呆症的特征，并综合该主题的最新研究结果，从遗传和分子研究到动物模型，包括使用基于强大混合仪器技术的组学平台和神经影像学技术。另一方面，我们考虑了可以预防这些疾病的方面，这些方面取决于可改变的因素，如饮食等。最后，纳米技术等新技术可以为有效治疗的管理提供新的策略。在这方面，我们的目的是提供有关这些疾病特征的最新和最完整的概述。
