Grace Emma, Sotilleo Shanelle, Rogers Rosalind, Doe Renee, Olff Miranda
Department of International Psychology, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Washington, DC, USA.
International Psychology Ph.D. Program, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Washington, DC, USA.
Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2021 May 27;12(1):1911080. doi: 10.1080/20008198.2021.1911080.
: The review of trauma screening tools for children and adolescents indicates a need for developmentally and linguistically appropriate, globally applicable, free, and easily accessible trauma screening instruments. : The aim of this study is to adapt the Global Psychotrauma Screen (GPS) for children and adolescents in the United States. : Using the modified Delphi method, this study included the GPS Expert Consensus (GPS-EC) and the GPS Stakeholder Consensus (GPS-SC) substudies. In the GPS-EC, ten reviewers who specialize in trauma services independently revised the GPS child and adolescent versions in four rounds. In the GPS-SC, a stratified minimum sample of children and adolescents ( = 24) and their parents ( = 24) were interviewed to collect feedback on the revised GPS versions. : In the GPS-EC Round 1, a low level of consensus was observed on the anxiety (restlessness) and depression (loss of interest) items. In Round 2, a high level of consensus was achieved on all but PTSD hypervigilance and detachment, and CPTSD self-concept items. Round 3 indicated a low level of consensus on the exposure and functioning items. Full consensus was achieved in Round 4 on all items. In the GPS-SC, children had more difficulties than adolescents with the exposure, dissociation, and risk-protection items. : Based on the results of this study, the semantic adaptation process concluded with implementation of six decisions on the final GPS versions for children and adolescents: adding a non-binary gender choice for adolescents; removing the exposure section; using a full-sentence structure for children and a phrase structure for adolescents; retaining the two-part items on PTSD intrusion and avoidance, retaining self-blame but removing other-blame in the PTSD-blame item; providing specific descriptions of depersonalization and derealization in the dissociation items; and removing risk-protection and functioning items for children.
对儿童和青少年创伤筛查工具的综述表明，需要开发适合其发育水平和语言能力、全球适用、免费且易于获取的创伤筛查工具。本研究的目的是使全球心理创伤筛查量表（GPS）适用于美国的儿童和青少年。本研究采用改良德尔菲法，包括GPS专家共识（GPS-EC）和GPS利益相关者共识（GPS-SC）子研究。在GPS-EC中，十位专门从事创伤服务的评审员独立对GPS儿童版和青少年版进行了四轮修订。在GPS-SC中，对儿童和青少年（n = 24）及其父母（n = 24）进行分层抽样访谈，以收集对修订后的GPS版本的反馈。在GPS-EC第一轮中，在焦虑（坐立不安）和抑郁（兴趣丧失）项目上观察到低水平的共识。在第二轮中，除创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的过度警觉和分离以及复杂创伤后应激障碍（CPTSD）的自我概念项目外，所有项目都达成了高水平的共识。第三轮表明在暴露和功能项目上存在低水平的共识。第四轮在所有项目上都达成了完全共识。在GPS-SC中，儿童在暴露、解离和风险保护项目上比青少年遇到更多困难。基于本研究的结果，语义适应过程以对儿童和青少年最终GPS版本做出的六项决定告终：为青少年增加非二元性别选择；删除暴露部分；儿童使用完整句子结构，青少年使用短语结构；保留PTSD侵入和回避的两部分项目，保留PTSD自责项目中的自责但删除他人责备；在解离项目中提供人格解体和现实解体的具体描述；以及删除儿童的风险保护和功能项目。
