Freivogel Claudia, Visschers Vivianne H M
School of Applied Psychology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Olten, Switzerland.
Health Psychol Behav Med. 2021 Apr 20;9(1):350-379. doi: 10.1080/21642850.2021.1912609.
We aimed to identify the potential of behaviour change strategies to effectively increase consumers' risk awareness, behavioural intention, and preventive food-handling behaviour to reduce the transmission risk of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria through food. The applied strategies targeted knowledge and determinants of the health action process approach (HAPA). We tested techniques that are expected to increase knowledge, risk perception, and positive outcome expectancy (Study 1) as well as those that increase planning and coping self-efficacy (Study 2) in two randomised control trials.
In Study 1 ( = 328), a 2 × 2 between-subject design was employed to investigate the effects of an educational video about the spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and a personalised risk message on knowledge, risk perception, outcome expectancy and consequently on intention regarding safe food-handling behaviour. In Study 2 ( = 129), we used a 2 × 2 design to examine to what extent goal setting (implemented vs. not implemented) and time (pre- vs. post-test) affected planning, coping self-efficacy, and preventive food-handling behaviour.
In Study 1, we found that the video increased knowledge and the perceived susceptibility of risk compared to the control video. We found no increase on the dependent variables after receiving the personalised risk message. In Study 2, goal setting significantly improved safe food-handling behaviour compared to the control condition. Moreover, participants in the goal-setting condition showed more planning of safe food-handling measures and of dealing with emerging barriers than participants in the control condition.
These findings demonstrate that the delivery of an educational video on the spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria is a useful strategy to increase risk awareness, whereas goal setting presents a promising approach to improve food-handling behaviour. Following the HAPA, an additional effective behaviour change technique is required that decreases negative outcome expectancies and improves coping self-efficacy, thereby further improving intention and behaviour.
我们旨在确定行为改变策略在有效提高消费者风险意识、行为意图以及预防性食品处理行为方面的潜力，以降低通过食物传播抗菌药物耐药菌的风险。所应用的策略针对健康行动过程方法（HAPA）的知识和决定因素。我们在两项随机对照试验中测试了预期可增加知识、风险认知和积极结果期望的技术（研究1）以及可提高计划和应对自我效能的技术（研究2）。
在研究1（n = 328）中，采用2×2组间设计来研究一部关于抗菌药物耐药菌传播的教育视频和一条个性化风险信息对知识、风险认知、结果期望以及因此对安全食品处理行为意图的影响。在研究2（n = 129）中，我们使用2×2设计来检验目标设定（实施与否）和时间（测试前与测试后）在多大程度上影响计划、应对自我效能和预防性食品处理行为。
在研究1中，我们发现与对照视频相比，该视频增加了知识以及对风险的感知易感性。在收到个性化风险信息后，我们未发现因变量有所增加。在研究2中，与对照条件相比，目标设定显著改善了安全食品处理行为。此外，与对照条件下的参与者相比，处于目标设定条件下的参与者对安全食品处理措施和应对新出现障碍的计划更多。
这些发现表明，提供一部关于抗菌药物耐药菌传播的教育视频是提高风险意识的有用策略，而目标设定是改善食品处理行为的一种有前景的方法。遵循HAPA，还需要一种额外有效的行为改变技术，以降低负面结果期望并提高应对自我效能，从而进一步改善意图和行为。
