Lopes-Júnior Luís Carlos
Department of Nursing, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil.
SAGE Open Nurs. 2021 May 24;7:23779608211019491. doi: 10.1177/23779608211019491. eCollection 2021 Jan-Dec.
Nurses have an educational background particularly suited to the growing challenges of the 21st century, characterized by an accelerated demographic transition, accompanied by a scenario of triple disease burden: 1) the unsurpassed agenda for infectious diseases; 2) the increase in deaths attributable to external causes; and 3) the predominance of chronic noncommunicable diseases. Advanced Practice Nurses (APN) already have regulations well-established in many countries such as Australia, Belgium, Canada, the USA, Finland, France, Ireland, Japan, Poland, the United Kingdom, and the Czech Republic, among others. This paper aimed to point out and to reflect on Advanced Practice Nursing and the expansion of the role of nurses in Primary Health Care (PHC) in the Americas. In the same year the Nursing Now Campaign was launched, Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and World Health Organization (WHO) prepared the document Expanding the Role of Nurses in PHC which calls on governments and nurses from countries in the Americas to implement APN training for PHC and Nurses from Central and South America who already have specialization programs, residency, academic master's and doctoral degrees. Expansion is intended to provide greater coverage and assistance to users of the health system, take advantage of nurses' intellectual capacity, and retain good professionals in the profession. This is a crucial moment for nursing worldwide. However, it is imperative to ensure the voice and impact of nursing continues to reverberate long after the end of 2021. In this paper, a debate on the strengths and challenges for the expansion of the APN role in PHC in the Americas is discribed.
护士拥有特别适合应对21世纪日益增长挑战的教育背景,其特点是人口结构转型加速,同时伴随着三重疾病负担的情况:1)传染病议程无与伦比;2)外部原因导致的死亡人数增加;3)慢性非传染性疾病占主导地位。高级执业护士(APN)在许多国家,如澳大利亚、比利时、加拿大、美国、芬兰、法国、爱尔兰、日本、波兰、英国和捷克共和国等,已经有了完善的规定。本文旨在指出并反思美洲初级卫生保健(PHC)中高级执业护理以及护士角色的扩展。在“护理现在”运动发起的同一年,泛美卫生组织(PAHO)和世界卫生组织(WHO)编写了《扩大护士在初级卫生保健中的作用》文件,呼吁美洲各国政府和护士为初级卫生保健实施高级执业护士培训,并针对已经有专业项目、住院医师培训、学术硕士和博士学位的中美洲和南美洲护士。扩展旨在为卫生系统的使用者提供更大范围的覆盖和援助,利用护士的智力能力,并留住该行业的优秀专业人员。这对全球护理来说是一个关键时刻。然而,至关重要的是要确保护理的声音和影响在2021年底之后仍能长久回响。本文描述了关于美洲初级卫生保健中高级执业护士角色扩展的优势和挑战的辩论。