School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom.
School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2021 Aug;175:113825. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.06.002. Epub 2021 Jun 7.
Diabetes affects approximately 450 million adults globally. If not effectively managed, chronic hyperglycaemia causes tissue damage that can develop into fibrosis. Fibrosis leads to end-organ complications, failure of organ systems occurs, which can ultimately cause death. One strategy to tackle end-organ complications is to maintain normoglycaemia. Conventionally, insulin is administered subcutaneously. Whilst effective, this delivery route shows several limitations, including pain. The transdermal route is a favourable alternative. Microneedle (MN) arrays are minimally invasive and painless devices that can enhance transdermal drug delivery. Convincing evidence is provided on MN-mediated insulin delivery. MN arrays can also be used as a diagnostic tool and monitor glucose levels. Furthermore, sophisticated MN array-based systems that integrate glucose monitoring and drug delivery into a single device have been designed. Therefore, MN technology has potential to revolutionise diabetes management. This review describes the current applications of MN technology for diabetes management and how these could prevent diabetes induced fibrosis.
糖尿病影响着全球约 4.5 亿成年人。如果不能有效控制，慢性高血糖会导致组织损伤，进而发展为纤维化。纤维化会导致终末器官并发症，器官系统衰竭，最终可能导致死亡。解决终末器官并发症的一种策略是保持血糖正常。传统上，胰岛素通过皮下注射给药。虽然这种方法有效，但它存在一些局限性，包括疼痛。经皮给药是一种更优的替代途径。微针（MN）阵列是一种微创无痛的装置，可以增强经皮药物输送。已经有证据表明 MN 介导的胰岛素输送是有效的。MN 阵列还可以用作诊断工具并监测血糖水平。此外，还设计了复杂的基于 MN 阵列的系统，将血糖监测和药物输送集成到单个设备中。因此，MN 技术有可能彻底改变糖尿病管理。本文综述了 MN 技术在糖尿病管理中的当前应用，以及这些应用如何预防糖尿病引起的纤维化。
