University of Life Science, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Akademicka street 15, 20-950, Lublin, Poland.
Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 2021;72(2):175-183. doi: 10.32394/rpzh.2021.0165.
In the elderly, nutrition significantly influences biological aging and physiological and pathological changes in the body. A balanced diet and physical activity are the key to good physical and mental health.
The aim of this study was: (1) to perform nutritional screening tests in senior citizens residing in eastern Poland and (2) to evaluate the risk of malnutrition in elderly people who live with their families, seniors who live independently, and residents of nursing homes.
The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) screening tool comprising a questionnaire with 22 questions and an abbreviated and survey-adapted version of the questionnaire (KomPAN) were used to investigate eating habits and self-perception of health and nutrition. A total of 398 correctly filled out questionnaires were selected and the resulting data were subjected to statistical analyses in the Statistica 10 program.
The BMI values of most respondents were indicative or malnutrition or risk of malnutrition, regardless of gender (mean BMI 23.88 kg/m2 ±5.08). Most overweight and obese respondents were female (p=0.0001). The observed decreased BMI values was significantly (p=0.0012, rs= 0.6714) correlated with lower food intake. Unintentional weight loss greater than 3 kg was most frequently noted in respondents living in nursing homes and living independently (p=0.0021). Eating difficulties also considerably influenced the respondents' nutritional status. The respondents' BMI values were significantly correlated (p<0.0001) with their MNA scores, the average MNA score was 21.0±4.4, (rs = 0.7293). Overweight and obese respondents were more likely to consume at least three meals daily (OR=1.87; 95% CI: 1.32-2.06; p<0.001).
The BMI values and MNA scores of the tested subjects indicate that the majority of the surveyed respondents were malnourished or at risk of malnutrition, regardless of gender. In the present study, the residential environment significantly influenced the patients' nutritional status, in particular in respondents with impaired motor abilities and eating difficulties.
在老年人中，营养对生物衰老和身体的生理及病理变化有重要影响。均衡的饮食和身体活动是身心健康的关键。
本研究旨在：（1）对居住在波兰东部的老年人进行营养筛查测试，（2）评估与家人同住、独立生活和居住在养老院的老年人发生营养不良的风险。
使用 Mini Nutritional Assessment（MNA）筛查工具，包括一份包含 22 个问题的问卷和一份缩写和经过问卷调查改编的问卷（KomPAN），以调查饮食习惯和自我感知的健康和营养状况。共选择了 398 份填写正确的问卷，并在 Statistica 10 程序中对所得数据进行了统计分析。
大多数受访者的 BMI 值表明存在营养不良或营养不良风险，无论性别如何（平均 BMI 为 23.88kg/m2 ±5.08）。大多数超重和肥胖的受访者为女性（p=0.0001）。观察到的 BMI 值下降与食物摄入量减少显著相关（p=0.0012，rs=0.6714）。在养老院居住和独立居住的受访者中，体重意外减轻 3 公斤以上的情况最为常见（p=0.0021）。饮食困难也严重影响了受访者的营养状况。受访者的 BMI 值与他们的 MNA 评分显著相关（p<0.0001），平均 MNA 评分为 21.0±4.4（rs=0.7293）。超重和肥胖的受访者更有可能每天至少吃三顿饭（OR=1.87；95%CI：1.32-2.06；p<0.001）。
测试对象的 BMI 值和 MNA 评分表明，无论性别如何，大多数被调查的受访者都存在营养不良或有营养不良的风险。在本研究中，居住环境显著影响了患者的营养状况，特别是对那些运动能力受损和有饮食困难的患者。
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