Godrich Stephanie L, Barbour Liza, Lindberg Rebecca
School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, South West Campus, 585 Robertson Drive, Bunbury, Western Australia, 6230, Australia.
Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, Victoria, 3168, Australia.
BMC Public Health. 2021 Jun 12;21(1):1132. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-11188-8.
To achieve zero hunger targets set within the United Nations' Agenda 2030, high-income countries such as Australia must reconsider current efforts to improve food security. This study aimed to; explore perspectives from public health nutrition experts on the usefulness of drawing on the international human right to food, and associated mechanisms, to address food insecurity; identify potential roles of key stakeholders in Australia to implement a rights-based approach; and examine barriers and enablers to achieving the right to food in Australia.
Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with key informants (> 10 years professional experience). Braun and Clarke's (2006) six-phase approach to thematic analysis was employed to analyse data, using Kingdon's multiple streams framework (1984) to examine interactive variables which affect policy-making processes.
Thirty interviews took place, with most participants representing academia (n = 16), majority had 10-14 years of experience (n = 12) and almost one quarter (n = 7) were in senior leadership roles. Participants believed that framing food insecurity as a human rights issue could be effective when communicating with some audiences, however alternative rhetoric is more popular and potentially more effective. Citizens, government, food industry, non-profit sector, research/tertiary and legal institutions were described as playing critical roles. Barriers to progress were identified as lack of awareness and acknowledgement of the problem, prioritisation of the private sector, lack of political will and domestic laws, and an inefficient/ineffective charitable food sector. Participants identified various enablers and opportunities for implementing a rights-based approach such as grass-roots advocacy efforts to raise awareness of the issue, integrating human rights into government frameworks and community projects and the political will to support action aligned with sustainable development.
Human rights language and mechanisms have the potential to trigger genuine commitment to addressing food insecurity however should be used with caution. Australia's public health workforce requires increased capacity to implement a human-rights approach and framing such efforts to align with sustainable development may achieve greater political action.
Ethics approval was received from the Deakin University Human Research Ethics committee (project ID HEAG 168_2018).
为实现联合国《2030年议程》设定的零饥饿目标，澳大利亚等高收入国家必须重新审视当前改善粮食安全的努力。本研究旨在：探讨公共卫生营养专家对借鉴国际食物权及相关机制以解决粮食不安全问题的有用性的看法；确定澳大利亚关键利益相关者在实施基于权利的方法中的潜在作用；并研究在澳大利亚实现食物权的障碍和促进因素。
对关键信息提供者（具有超过10年专业经验）进行了定性深入访谈。采用布劳恩和克拉克（2006年）的六阶段主题分析方法对数据进行分析，使用金登的多源流框架（1984年）来研究影响决策过程的互动变量。
进行了30次访谈，大多数参与者来自学术界（n = 16），大多数人有10 - 14年的经验（n = 12），近四分之一（n = 7）担任高级领导职务。参与者认为，将粮食不安全问题框定为一个人权问题在与一些受众沟通时可能是有效的，然而，其他措辞更受欢迎且可能更有效。公民、政府、食品行业、非营利部门、研究/高等教育机构和法律机构被描述为发挥着关键作用。进展的障碍被确定为对问题缺乏认识和承认、私营部门的优先地位、缺乏政治意愿和国内法律，以及慈善食品部门效率低下/效果不佳。参与者确定了实施基于权利的方法的各种促进因素和机会，例如基层宣传努力以提高对该问题的认识、将人权纳入政府框架和社区项目，以及支持与可持续发展相一致的行动的政治意愿。
人权语言和机制有可能引发对解决粮食不安全问题的真正承诺，但应谨慎使用。澳大利亚的公共卫生工作人员需要提高实施人权方法的能力，将此类努力与可持续发展相结合可能会促成更多的政治行动。
获得了迪肯大学人类研究伦理委员会的伦理批准（项目编号HEAG 168_2018）。
