驾驶警觉性训练：一种针对老年驾驶员的计算机化培训程序，用于检测道路危险。

Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.

Traffic Inj Prev. 2021;22(6):443-448. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2021.1929944. Epub 2021 Jun 14.

OBJECTIVE

Cognitive training for reducing crash rate can be delivered to older drivers via in-person on-road sessions, a driving simulator, or using computer-based cognitive methods. Despite established effectiveness, in-person on-road assessment and rehabilitation are expensive, and limited professional service may not be readily accessible; simulator-based training may not fit every driver due to simulator sickness. In comparison, computerized training is easier to implement and could be delivered with little cost to older drivers with computer access. Based on the Drive Aware Task, a validated measure of attentional processes in hazard detection, we developed a computerized cognitive training method with a focus on hazard detection. In this study, we examined the effectiveness of this newly-developed interactive training program in improving older drivers' detection of road hazards.

METHODS

Using a matched-pair design, nine triads of three older drivers (aged 65 or above) with matched pretest performance and gender were formed. For each triad, each participant was randomly allocated to one of the three groups: 1) active training group to receive the two training sessions (1.5-2.5h per session); 2) passive training group to receive two video-watching sessions (i.e., watch the video of training session performance from the corresponding paired participant); 3) no-contact control group. Older drivers' performances on hazard detection and simulated driving were measured before and after training.

RESULTS

The active training group showed significant training effects on the computerized hazard detection task and simulated driving performance, while there were only marginal effects in the passive training group and no effects in the no-contact control group. A post-training survey suggested older drivers were receptive to the Drive Aware training program.

CONCLUSIONS

The computerized Drive Aware training program has the potential to be used as a prevention and intervention tool to improve older drivers' hazard detection performance. Future studies should examine the effectiveness of this tool in more diverse samples and in long-term outcomes.

目的

认知训练可降低老年人驾驶员的事故率，可通过现场道路课程、驾驶模拟器或基于计算机的认知方法进行。尽管效果已得到证实，但现场道路评估和康复费用高昂，而且专业服务可能有限，无法轻易获得；由于模拟器病，基于模拟器的培训可能不适合每个驾驶员。相比之下，计算机化培训更容易实施，并且可以在成本较低的情况下提供给有计算机访问权限的老年驾驶员。基于已验证的危险探测注意力过程测量方法——驾驶警觉性任务，我们开发了一种专注于危险探测的计算机化认知训练方法。在这项研究中，我们研究了这种新开发的交互式训练程序在提高老年驾驶员道路危险探测能力方面的有效性。

方法

使用配对设计，将九组三对具有匹配的预测试性能和性别的老年驾驶员（年龄在 65 岁及以上）分为三组。对于每一组，每个参与者被随机分配到以下三组之一：1）主动训练组，接受两个训练课程（每次 1.5-2.5 小时）；2）被动训练组，接受两个视频观看课程（即，观看相应配对参与者的训练课程表现视频）；3）无接触对照组。在培训前后，对老年驾驶员的危险探测和模拟驾驶表现进行了测量。