Centro de Estudio del Trabajo y Factores Humanos, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile.
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas, Providencia, Chile.
BMC Geriatr. 2020 Apr 3;20(1):125. doi: 10.1186/s12877-020-01512-z.
With the aging of the population, the number of older drivers is on the rise. This poses significant challenges for public health initiatives, as older drivers have a relatively higher risk for collisions. While many studies focus on developing screening tools to identify medically at-risk drivers, little research has been done to develop training programs or interventions to promote, maintain or enhance driving-related abilities among healthy individuals. The purpose of this systematic review is to synopsize the current literature on interventions that are tailored to improve driving in older healthy individuals by working on components of safe driving such as: self-awareness, knowledge, behaviour, skills and/or reducing crash/collision rates in healthy older drivers.
Relevant databases such as Scopus and PubMed databases were selected and searched for primary articles published in between January 2007 and December 2017. Articles were identified using MeSH search terms: ("safety" OR "education" OR "training" OR "driving" OR "simulator" OR "program" OR "countermeasures") AND ("older drivers" OR "senior drivers" OR "aged drivers" OR "elderly drivers"). All retrieved abstracts were reviewed, and full texts printed if deemed relevant.
Twenty-five (25) articles were classified according to: 1) Classroom settings; 2) Computer-based training for cognitive or visual processing; 3) Physical training; 4) In-simulator training; 5) On-road training; and 6) Mixed interventions. Results show that different types of approaches have been successful in improving specific driving skills and/or behaviours. However, there are clear discrepancies on how driving performance/behaviours are evaluated between studies, both in terms of methods or dependent variables, it is therefore difficult to make direct comparisons between these studies.
This review identified strong study projects, effective at improving older drivers' performance and thus allowed to highlight potential interventions that can be used to maintain or improve older drivers' safety behind the wheel. There is a need to further test these interventions by combining them and determining their effectiveness at improving driving performance.
随着人口老龄化，老年司机的数量呈上升趋势。这对公共卫生倡议构成了重大挑战，因为老年司机发生碰撞的风险相对较高。虽然许多研究都集中在开发筛选工具以识别有医疗风险的驾驶员上，但很少有研究致力于开发培训计划或干预措施，以促进、保持或提高健康个体的驾驶相关能力。本系统评价的目的是综合目前关于针对健康老年人改善驾驶的干预措施的文献，这些干预措施通过以下方式改善驾驶：自我意识、知识、行为、技能和/或降低健康老年驾驶员的事故/碰撞率。
选择了 Scopus 和 PubMed 等相关数据库，并搜索了 2007 年 1 月至 2017 年 12 月期间发表的原始文章。使用 MeSH 搜索词“（安全”或“教育”或“培训”或“驾驶”或“模拟器”或“程序”或“对策”）和（“老年司机”或“高级司机”或“老年司机”或“老年司机”）来识别文章。对所有检索到的摘要进行了审查，如果认为相关，则打印全文。
根据以下内容对 25 篇文章进行了分类：1）课堂设置；2）用于认知或视觉处理的计算机培训；3）体能训练；4）模拟器培训；5）道路培训；6）混合干预。结果表明，不同类型的方法在提高特定驾驶技能和/或行为方面取得了成功。然而，在研究之间，无论是在方法还是因变量方面，对驾驶性能/行为的评估存在明显差异，因此很难对这些研究进行直接比较。
本综述确定了一些强有力的研究项目，这些项目有效地提高了老年司机的表现，从而突出了可以用于维持或提高老年司机在驾驶时的安全的潜在干预措施。需要通过结合这些措施并确定它们对提高驾驶性能的有效性来进一步测试这些干预措施。
