Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, New York, United States.
Department of Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, United States.
Curr Pharm Des. 2021;27(35):3714-3721. doi: 10.2174/1381612827666210614102340.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs, formerly known as exosomes) are small, extracellular membrane-bound particles that play a role in cellular communication via transporting different cargos, including proteins, DNAs, RNAs, etc. Their role has been shown in different endocrine/paracrine signaling in different organs, such as the cardiovascular system. Currently, mortality and morbidity rates caused by cardiovascular disease (CVD) have become an important issue among healthcare systems all over the world. EVs great potentials for clinical diagnosis and treatment offer a bright future in assessing different types of CVDs. In this review, we have summarized the variable roles of these nano-sized biological membrane-enclosed vesicles in myocardial injury, repair, and regeneration. We have also reviewed the value of EVs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cardiology medicine and emphasized the promising capabilities of EVs as natural drug-delivery vehicles as a novel targeting treatment.
细胞外囊泡（EVs，以前称为外泌体）是一种小型的、细胞外的膜结合颗粒，通过运输不同的货物（包括蛋白质、DNAs、RNAs 等）在细胞通讯中发挥作用。它们的作用已经在不同的内分泌/旁分泌信号中在不同的器官中得到了证明，如心血管系统。目前，心血管疾病（CVD）引起的死亡率和发病率已成为全球医疗保健系统的一个重要问题。EVs 在临床诊断和治疗方面的巨大潜力为评估不同类型的 CVD 提供了一个光明的未来。在这篇综述中，我们总结了这些纳米大小的生物膜封闭囊泡在心肌损伤、修复和再生中的可变作用。我们还回顾了 EVs 作为心脏病学诊断和预后生物标志物的价值，并强调了 EVs 作为天然药物递送载体的有前途的能力，作为一种新型靶向治疗。
