Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison.
Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Division of Sports Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison.
J Athl Train. 2022 Jan 1;57(1):59-64. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-0185.21.
To describe the incidence of COVID-19 in Wisconsin high school athletes and investigate the relationship of COVID-19 incidence with sport and face mask use.
Retrospective survey.
High schools across Wisconsin during September 2020.
Athletic directors representing 30 074 high school athletes with or without SARS-CoV-2.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT(S): The COVID-19 rates among athletes, counties, states, as well as school instruction type (virtual versus in person), sport type, and face mask use were assessed. Reported athlete case rates were compared with the county's general population and associations between COVID-19 incidence and sport type and face mask use, adjusting for each school's county incidence using multivariable negative binomial regression models.
The COVID-19 incidence rates for 207 of 244 responding schools were 32.6 cases per 100 000 player-days. Reported case rates for athletes in each county were positively correlated with the county's general population case rates (β = 1.14 ± 0.20, r = 0.60, P < .001). One case (0.5%) was attributed to sport contact by the reporting schools. No difference was identified between team and individual sports (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.03 [95% CI = 0.49, 2.2], P = .93) or between noncontact and contact sports (IRR = 0.53 [0.23, 1.3], P = .14). Outdoor sports had a lower incidence rate than indoor sports, although this finding did not reach statistical significance (IRR = 0.52 [0.26, 1.1], P = .07). No significant associations were found between COVID-19 incidence and face mask use during play for those sports with greater than 50 schools reporting on face mask use (P values > .05).
The incidence of reported COVID-19 among high school athletes was related to the county incidence, and most cases were attributed to nonsport contact. A lower COVID-19 incidence in outdoor sports approached statistical significance. The lack of a significant benefit demonstrated for face mask use may be due to relatively low rates of COVID-19 in Wisconsin during September 2020. Further research is needed to better define COVID-19 transmission risk factors during adolescent sport participation.
描述威斯康星州高中生 COVID-19 的发病率，并研究 COVID-19 发病率与运动和口罩使用的关系。
回顾性调查。
威斯康星州 2020 年 9 月的各所高中。
代表有无 SARS-CoV-2 的 30074 名高中生的运动主任。
评估运动员、县、州的 COVID-19 发生率，以及学校教学类型（虚拟与面对面）、运动类型和口罩使用情况。比较报告的运动员病例率与该县的一般人群，并使用多变量负二项回归模型，根据每所学校的县发病率，调整 COVID-19 发病率与运动类型和口罩使用之间的关联。
在 244 所做出回应的学校中，有 207 所学校报告了 COVID-19 发病率为每 100000 名运动员 32.6 例。每个县的报告运动员病例率与该县的一般人群病例率呈正相关（β=1.14±0.20，r=0.60，P<.001）。报告学校归因于运动接触的病例只有 1 例（0.5%）。团队运动和个人运动之间（发病率比[IRR]=1.03[95%CI=0.49,2.2]，P=0.93）或非接触性运动和接触性运动之间（IRR=0.53[0.23,1.3]，P=0.14）均未发现差异。户外运动的发病率低于室内运动，尽管这一发现没有达到统计学意义（IRR=0.52[0.26,1.1]，P=0.07）。对于报告了 50 所以上学校使用口罩情况的运动项目，没有发现 COVID-19 发病率与运动时戴口罩之间存在显著关联（P 值>.05）。
报告的高中生 COVID-19 发病率与县发病率有关，大多数病例归因于非运动接触。户外运动中 COVID-19 发病率较低，接近统计学意义。由于 2020 年 9 月威斯康星州 COVID-19 发病率相对较低，因此未能证明口罩使用具有显著益处。需要进一步研究以更好地确定青少年运动期间 COVID-19 传播的危险因素。
