Roberts William O, Stuart Michael J, Lee Jason A, Miner Michael H
Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and.
Clin J Sport Med. 2022 May 1;32(3):283-289. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0000000000001008. Epub 2021 Dec 30.
To assess the effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevention strategies used during sports participation.
To analyze prospective reports of student-athletes with COVID-19-positive tests to assess prevention strategies and risk factors by sports and seasons.
Minnesota high schools.
Fall 2020 (August 24-October 30) and winter 2021 (January 2-March 12) student-athletes.
Sports, indoor location, mask use, physical distancing, and season.
COVID-19-positive test rates.
Self-selected schools voluntarily reported, in 2-week intervals, the number of student-athletes with COVID-19-positive tests in each sport and the number of athletes participating in each sport during the fall and winter sports seasons. The positive testing rates per 100 000 athletes were calculated for participants in each sport and compared by sports type and risk variables.
The high school age community-positive testing rate was 1298 per 100 000 students in the fall and 2396 in the winter. The student-athlete positive testing rate was 1500 per 100 000 athletes during the fall and 2800 during the winter (χ2 = 1.98, df = 1, P = 0.350). Positive tests per 100 000 athletes ranged from 197 (girls alpine skiing) to 4151 (wrestling). The incidence rates comparing indoor with outdoor sports (P = 0.001) and close-contact with physically distanced sports (P = 0.023) were significantly different, but the incidence rates comparing indoor masked with unmasked sports (P = ns) were not different.
Athletes competing in outdoor individual sports have less risk of a COVID-19-positive test compared with age-matched individuals in the community and indoor sports participants either wearing or not wearing masks during competition. Unmasked athletes in close proximity have the highest positive test rates, and unenforced masking is not associated with lower positive testing rates. More study is needed to understand mask effectiveness.
评估在体育活动中所采用的2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）预防策略的有效性。
分析COVID-19检测呈阳性的学生运动员的前瞻性报告，以按运动项目和季节评估预防策略及风险因素。
明尼苏达州的高中。
2020年秋季（8月24日至10月30日）和2021年冬季（1月2日至3月12日）的学生运动员。
运动项目、室内场所、口罩使用、保持身体距离以及季节。
COVID-19检测呈阳性的比率。
自行选择的学校每两周自愿报告一次，在秋季和冬季运动赛季中，每项运动中COVID-19检测呈阳性的学生运动员人数以及参加每项运动的运动员人数。计算每项运动参与者每10万名运动员的阳性检测率，并按运动类型和风险变量进行比较。
高中年龄段社区居民的阳性检测率在秋季为每10万名学生1298例，在冬季为2396例。学生运动员的阳性检测率在秋季为每10万名运动员1500例，在冬季为2800例（χ2 = 1.98，自由度 = 1，P = 0.350）。每10万名运动员的阳性检测数从197例（女子高山滑雪）到4151例（摔跤）不等。比较室内运动与户外运动（P = 0.001）以及密切接触运动与保持身体距离运动（P = 0.023）的发病率有显著差异，但比较室内戴口罩运动与不戴口罩运动的发病率（P = 无显著差异）无差异。
与社区中年龄匹配的个体以及比赛中戴或不戴口罩的室内运动参与者相比，参加户外个人运动的运动员COVID-19检测呈阳性的风险较低。近距离接触且未戴口罩的运动员阳性检测率最高，未强制戴口罩与较低的阳性检测率无关。需要更多研究来了解口罩的有效性。
