Usman Hafiz Muhammad, Tan Qin, Karim Mohammad Mazharul, Adnan Muhammad, Yin Wei-Xiao, Zhu Fu-Xing, Luo Chao-Xi
Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
Plant Dis. 2021 Nov;105(11):3459-3465. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-04-21-0693-RE. Epub 2021 Nov 16.
Anthracnose, mainly caused by species complex including and , is a devastating disease of peach. Chemical control has been widely used for years, but management failures have increased with the commonly used fungicides. Therefore, screening of sensitivity of spp. to fungicides with different modes of action is needed to make proper management strategies for peach anthracnose. In this study, the sensitivity of 80 isolates of . and . was screened for pyraclostrobin, procymidone, prochloraz, and fludioxonil based on mycelial growth inhibition at discriminatory doses. Results showed that . and . isolates were highly resistant to procymidone and fludioxonil with 100% resistance frequencies to both fungicides, but sensitive to prochloraz, i.e., no resistant isolates were found. For pyraclostrobin, 74% of . isolates showed high resistance, 26% showed low resistance, and all of the . isolates showed low resistance. No positive cross-resistance was observed between pyraclostrobin and azoxystrobin even when they are members of the same quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicide group or between pyraclostrobin and non-QoIs. Resistant isolates to QoI fungicides were evaluated for the fitness penalty. Results showed that no significant differences except for the mycelial growth rates that were detected between high- and low-resistance isolates of . . Molecular characterization of the gene revealed that the G143A point mutation was the determinant of the high resistance in . . This study demonstrated the resistance status of . and . to different fungicides and briefly discussed implications of that resistance. Demethylation inhibitor fungicides were found to be the best option among the different chemicals studied here, to control peach anthracnose in China.
炭疽病主要由包括胶孢炭疽菌和尖孢炭疽菌在内的炭疽菌复合种引起,是桃树的一种毁灭性病害。多年来化学防治已被广泛应用,但随着常用杀菌剂的使用,防治失败的情况有所增加。因此,需要筛选炭疽菌对不同作用方式杀菌剂的敏感性,以便制定桃树炭疽病的合理防治策略。在本研究中,基于在鉴别剂量下对菌丝生长的抑制作用,对80株胶孢炭疽菌和尖孢炭疽菌分离株进行了唑菌酯、腐霉利、咪鲜胺和咯菌腈的敏感性筛选。结果表明,胶孢炭疽菌和尖孢炭疽菌分离株对腐霉利和咯菌腈高度耐药,对这两种杀菌剂的耐药频率均为100%,但对咪鲜胺敏感,即未发现耐药分离株。对于唑菌酯,74%的胶孢炭疽菌分离株表现出高抗性,26%表现出低抗性,所有尖孢炭疽菌分离株均表现出低抗性。即使唑菌酯和嘧菌酯属于同一类醌外抑制剂(QoI)杀菌剂,或唑菌酯与非QoI杀菌剂之间,也未观察到正向交叉抗性。对QoI杀菌剂的耐药分离株进行了适合度代价评估。结果表明,除了胶孢炭疽菌高抗性和低抗性分离株之间的菌丝生长速率外,未检测到显著差异。对细胞色素b基因的分子特征分析表明,G143A点突变是胶孢炭疽菌高抗性的决定因素。本研究证明了胶孢炭疽菌和尖孢炭疽菌对不同杀菌剂的耐药状况,并简要讨论了该耐药性的影响。在这里研究的不同化学药剂中,发现去甲基化抑制剂类杀菌剂是防治中国桃树炭疽病的最佳选择。
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