National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh.
Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2024 Aug;203:106006. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106006. Epub 2024 Jul 2.
Peach is one of the popular and economically important fruit crops in China. Peach cultivation is hampered due to attacks of anthracnose disease, causing significant economic losses. Colletotrichum fructicola and Colletotrichum siamense belong to the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex and are considered major pathogens of peach anthracnose. Application of different groups of fungicides is a routine approach for controlling this disease. However, fungicide resistance is a significant drawback in managing peach anthracnose nowadays. In this study, 39 isolates of C. fructicola and 41 isolates of C. siamense were collected from different locations in various provinces in China. The sensitivity of C. fructicola and C. siamense to some commonly used fungicides, i.e., carbendazim, iprodione, fluopyram, and propiconazole, was determined. All the isolates of C. fructicola collected from Guangdong province showed high resistance to carbendazim, whereas isolates collected from Guizhou province were sensitive. In C. siamense, isolates collected from Hebei province showed moderate resistance, while those from Shandong province were sensitive to carbendazim. On the other hand, all the isolates of C. fructicola and C. siamense showed high resistance to the dicarboximide (DCF) fungicide iprodione and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide fluopyram. However, they are all sensitive to the demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicide propiconazole. Positive cross-resistance was observed between carbendazim and benomyl as they are members of the same methyl benzimidazole carbamate (MBC) group. While no correlation of sensitivity was observed between different groups of fungicides. No significant differences were found in each fitness parameter between carbendazim-resistant and sensitive isolates in both species. Molecular characterization of the β-tubulin 2 (TUB2) gene revealed that in C. fructicola, the E198A point mutation was the determinant for the high resistance to carbendazim, while the F200Y point mutation was linked with the moderate resistance to carbendazim in C. siamense. Based on the results of this study, DMI fungicides, e.g., propiconazole or prochloraz could be used to control peach anthracnose, especially at locations where the pathogens have already developed the resistance to carbendazim and other fungicides.
桃是中国受欢迎和经济重要的水果作物之一。桃栽培受到炭疽病的攻击，造成重大经济损失。胶孢炭疽菌和暹罗炭疽菌属于炭疽菌球腔菌种复合体，被认为是桃炭疽病的主要病原菌。应用不同类别的杀菌剂是控制这种疾病的常规方法。然而，杀菌剂抗性是当今管理桃炭疽病的一个重大缺点。在这项研究中，从中国不同省份的不同地点收集了 39 个胶孢炭疽菌和 41 个暹罗炭疽菌分离物。测定了胶孢炭疽菌和暹罗炭疽菌对一些常用杀菌剂，如多菌灵、异菌脲、氟吡菌酰胺和丙环唑的敏感性。从广东采集的所有胶孢炭疽菌分离物对多菌灵表现出高度抗性，而从贵州采集的分离物则敏感。在暹罗炭疽菌中，从河北采集的分离物表现出中度抗性，而从山东采集的分离物对多菌灵敏感。另一方面，所有的胶孢炭疽菌和暹罗炭疽菌对二羧酰亚胺（DCF）杀菌剂异菌脲和琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂（SDHI）杀菌剂氟吡菌酰胺表现出高度抗性。然而，它们对脱甲基抑制剂（DMI）杀菌剂丙环唑都很敏感。多菌灵和苯菌灵是同一甲基苯并咪唑氨基甲酸酯（MBC）组的成员，因此观察到它们之间存在正交叉抗性。而不同类别的杀菌剂之间没有观察到敏感性的相关性。在两个物种中，抗性和敏感分离物之间的每个适应参数都没有显著差异。β-微管蛋白 2（TUB2）基因的分子特征表明，在胶孢炭疽菌中，E198A 点突变是对多菌灵高度抗性的决定因素，而 F200Y 点突变与暹罗炭疽菌对多菌灵的中度抗性有关。根据这项研究的结果，DMI 杀菌剂，如丙环唑或丙环唑，可以用于控制桃炭疽病，特别是在病原菌已经对多菌灵和其他杀菌剂产生抗性的地方。
