中试水平潜流人工湿地系统处理后的啤酒厂废水灌溉适宜性潜力评估：对可持续城市农业的影响
Evaluation of irrigation suitability potential of brewery effluent post treated in a pilot horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland system: implications for sustainable urban agriculture.
作者信息
Alayu Ermias, Leta Seyoum
机构信息
Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Assosa University, P. O. Box 18, Assosa, Ethiopia.
出版信息
Heliyon. 2021 May 31;7(5):e07129. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07129. eCollection 2021 May.
The use of untreated or partially treated wastewater reuse for urban and peri-urban agricultural irrigation is a common practice in developing countries like Ethiopia. Such practices, however, pose significant environmental and public health risks. The objective of this study was to evaluate the irrigation suitability of anaerobic digestion brewery effluent (ADBE) and two-stage horizontal subsurface constructed wetland post-treated ADBE (CWPBE). A series of pot experiments were conducted in a plastic - greenhouse system arranged in three sets of irrigation schemes: Treatment Group1 (TG1): municipal pipe tap water (MPTW) irrigated pots; Treatment Group2 (TG2): ADBE irrigated pots, and Treatment Group3 (TG3): CWPBE irrigated pots. Pots packed with the same amount of sandy clay loam soil and local tomato seeds sown were irrigated following an updated tomato irrigation schedule derived from the FAO CROPWAT stimulation model for 120 days. The findings from key irrigation water quality parameters showed that the CWPBE achieved the prescribed irrigation water standards with values of pH (7.4 ± 0.15), electrical conductivity (1.9 ± 0.11 dS.m), total suspended solids (25 ± 4.17 mgL), chemical oxygen demand (185.1 ± 1.66 mgL), total nitrogen (17.4 ± 0.7 mgL), total phosphorous (8.8 ± 0.26 mgkg), calcium (10.5 ± 3.6 mgkg), magnesium (4.9 ± 0.98 mgkg), sodium (4.4 ± 1.51 mgkg), potassium (2.3 ± 1.15 mgkg), sodium adsorption ratio (1.6 ± 0.34), and total coliform (8 ± 0.16×10 CFU/100 mL). Moreover, tomato plants grown in TG3 attained higher growth such as number of leaves (85.6 ± 4.68), plant height (92.2 ± 1.29 cm), stem diameter (13.1 ± 2.35 cm) and leaf area (35.5 ± 1.03 cm) as well as higher biomass (61.2 ± 1.33 kgm) and fruit (46.4 ± 3.51 kgm) yields over other treatment groups. The results revealed that irrigation waters significantly improved both growth and yield parameters of tomato plants with the ascending order of TG1 < TG2 < TG3. Moreover, CWPBE showed minima short-term residual effect on soil physicochemical properties as compared to ADBE, and thus, it has potential suitability for agricultural irrigation reuse.
在埃塞俄比亚等发展中国家，将未经处理或部分处理的废水用于城市及城郊农业灌溉是一种常见做法。然而，这种做法会带来重大的环境和公共卫生风险。本研究的目的是评估厌氧消化啤酒厂废水（ADBE）以及经过两级水平潜流人工湿地后处理的ADBE（CWPBE）用于灌溉的适宜性。在一个塑料温室系统中进行了一系列盆栽试验，设置了三组灌溉方案：处理组1（TG1）：用市政管道自来水（MPTW）灌溉的花盆；处理组2（TG2）：用ADBE灌溉的花盆；处理组3（TG3）：用CWPBE灌溉的花盆。装有相同量砂质粘壤土的花盆播种了当地番茄种子，并按照根据粮农组织CROPWAT模拟模型得出的更新后的番茄灌溉时间表进行灌溉，为期120天。关键灌溉水质参数的结果表明，CWPBE达到了规定的灌溉水标准，其pH值为（7.4±0.15），电导率为（1.9±0.11 dS.m），总悬浮固体为（25±4.17 mg/L），化学需氧量为（185.1±1.66 mg/L），总氮为（17.4±0.7 mg/L），总磷为（8.8±0.26 mg/kg），钙为（10.5±3.6 mg/kg），镁为（4.9±0.98 mg/kg），钠为（4.4±1.51 mg/kg），钾为（2.3±1.15 mg/kg），钠吸附比为（1.6±0.34），总大肠菌群为（8±0.16×10 CFU/100 mL）。此外，与其他处理组相比，在TG3中生长的番茄植株具有更高的生长指标，如叶片数（85.6±4.68）、株高（92.2±1.29 cm）、茎直径（13.1±2.35 cm）和叶面积（35.5±1.03 cm²），以及更高的生物量（61.2±1.33 kg/m²）和果实产量（46.4±3.51 kg/m²）。结果表明，灌溉水显著改善了番茄植株的生长和产量参数，顺序为TG1＜TG2＜TG3。此外，与ADBE相比，CWPBE对土壤理化性质的短期残留影响最小，因此，它具有农业灌溉回用的潜在适宜性。
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